Law for Manager - 3522 Words

The partnership act 1890 governs the relationship of the persons and the outside world. And in respect of dissolution; if there is no partnership agreement, the partnership act set out the rights and duties of the partners. Such rights and duties (by act or agreement) may be varies by the consent of all partners. (S 19). ‘The relation which subsists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view to profit.’ Under S24 (5) ‘in common’ means every partner has a say in the firm. The members are only liable for their subscription unless the partnership agreement says otherwise. Saywell V Rope [1979] the wives are not in the partnership as no evidence suggested. ‘Person’ includes a corporation as well as individuals. Companies can†¦show more content†¦A person’s business suffers in the same name/similar name may bring a ‘passing off’ action and obtain an injunction stopping the defendant. ANNABEL’S (BE RKELEY SQUARE) Ltd . VG. SCHOEK[1972] S.30 If any partner without the consent of the others, carries on business of the same nature as and competing with that of the firm, he must account for and pay over all profits made in that business. In the absence of any agreement to the contrary, a partner can carrying a non-competing business which does not involve the use of the firm’s property. Croft V Day [1843] Mr Day uses the same trade name as the other in the same street. Held: the injunction was granted preventing the new firm from trading under the name Day and Martin, the intention of the new firm was to deceive the public. Under S.34 it is a criminal offence for a partnership to use the word ‘limited or ‘ltd’ in its name. Partnership agreement terms: Name of partners; Date on the start and end of the partnership; How profit and loss being shared; How much may each partner draw monthly; At which bank the partner maintain its account; Principal asset; Subm ission of disputes to arbitration; The partnership is based on agreement and they are free to alter them. S. 19 say the decision may be made unanimously; a partnership can’t be formed for an illegal purpose. Types of partnership: 1) General partner takes active role in the dailyShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Law For Managers1998 Words   |  8 Pages LAW FOR MANAGERS Question 1: 1 Offer The first element in a valid contract would be offer. An offer or an agreement needs to be in contract because without offer there is no contract. In the Contracts Act 1950 the first elements is an offer. It is one of the elements to make sure that the contract is legally valid or acceptable. In a contract, it is important that a party would make an offer. There is a difference of offer between an advertisement and an optionRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Faced By The Managers At The Law Firm918 Words   |  4 Pages1. How would you describe the ethical dilemma confronted by the managers at the law firm? The ethical dilemma was choosing either to respect Andrew’s condition or to take care of the health and interests of the rest of the employees. The latter option meant that Andrew had to be dismissed due his condition (suffering from a deadly disease and being homosexual). The ethical dilemma arose because the company had to compromise other factors and make a decision of firing Andrew based on othersRead MoreFour Examples Of Laws Or Regulations That Affect Fire Service Managers And Their Employees1798 Words   |  8 PagesFour examples of laws or regulations that affect fire service managers and their employees. Patrick Latham Columbia Southern University Abstract There are a multitude of laws and regulations that provide guidance to managers and employees as to what their rights and responsibilities are in the workplace. These laws and regulations originate from all three branches of government and enforcement occurs at the local, state, and federal level. As firefighters, it is incumbent upon us to be awareRead MoreSuccessful Law Enforcement Agency Management1225 Words   |  5 Pageseffective manager can be the difference between a successful law enforcement organization or its failure. There are several theories on effective management in law enforcement and the business world alike. Some of those theories can cross over and be helpful for a law enforcement manager. A manager can have the knowledge of all theory relative to law enforcement management, but without understanding several key concepts, the manager will in turn not be effective. An effective law enforcement manager isRead MoreAdapting The New Law Is Important For Organization s997 Words   |  4 PagesAdapting the New Law Adapting the new law is important for organizations because the law and regulation will affect Human Resource Management (HRM). First of all, in order to adapt the new law, the Human Resource (HR) managers must have to change some rules in order to help the firm and employees to follow up because some employees might not know new law have been issued, so they might violate the law due to unintentionally. Moreover, if employees fail to follow up, it might have a bigger problemRead Morelegally astute manager leg100 assgn 11660 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ In my opinion any marketing manager who is not utilizing social media as a marketing tool is failing to utilize an extremely cost effective means of reaching their target market. There are a wide array of sites that an shrewd manager can utilize to market their products, sites such as Facebook, Yahoo, Google, Bing, My space, YouTube and many others. I believe that the site that the marketing manager chooses would depend on the ty pe of customer that they are attempting to target. ActuallyRead MoreThe Organizational Strategy Of Human Resources1287 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Manager Mary Carnahan HA 302 – Management of Human Resources February 26, 2016 â€Æ' Introduction This is a research paper about the organizational strategy on human resource activities such as health care recruitment and selection of employees, employee appraisal or employee compensation. What are the three laws that HR managers must keep in mind when performing these tasks? What is the impact that these laws have on how an HR manager performs his or her duties? At the end ofRead MoreEmergency Management Laws And Act768 Words   |  4 PagesEmergency Management laws and acts are established by the Federal Government to allow emergency managers and local elected officials the opportunity to lead disaster response and recovery from the local level to the Federal level. Many of these laws and acts give absolute power to local and state officials to make decisions to best preserve life and property during and after an incident. The laws and acts also hold these officials accountable for the actions that they take and the responsibilityRead MoreEssay about social media1312 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesAugust 12, 2014 Class Name: Leg 100- Business Law Professor Latarsha Jones A legally astute manager recognizes and shows an appreciation for the law and identifies and makes legal considerations at each level of development and implementation. Respect for the law serves as the building blocks in the development of a management team. Following appropriate behaviors and adhering to the guidelines in the law represents the importance of meeting societal expectationsRead MoreLegal, Safety and Requlatorly Requirement in the Workplace Essay640 Words   |  3 Pageshas been replaced. Employees, business managers and any other person in the workplace should importantly abide by all laws and regulations to protect the organization. It is unlawful as well as immoral to deny a person opportunity basing on his race, sexual orientation and colour. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has to act within their mandate. The Human Resource Department should facilitate this by setting up a structured net in which these laws will be enforced in the workplace to ensur e

Critical Intersectionality Bromley Won t Be Making Your...

Critical Intersectionality: Bromley Won’t Be Making Your Head Spin In Bromley’s â€Å"Feminism Matters†, Chapter Four effectively argues that the way in which race, gender, class, ability, sexual orientation, and a variety of other social categories interact within each other to create a hierarchy of power within our society that has lead to an imbalance of privileges. Additionally, she manages to convince the reader that all these concepts are incorporated in the theoretical tool of intersectionality and that once we can understand this we will be better equipped with the approach to handle the struggles of modern day. Thinking of our positionality as being a blend of pre-existing conditions, we can realize that the advantages and disadvantages we receive in life are not only due to our gender, but the reality that â€Å"[we] might be living in Canada, in [our] first year of university, born in South Africa, a Buddhist, and struggling to pay for [our] living expenses, yet able-bodied and employed† (Bromley 2012). Bromleyâ€℠¢s choice to use real-life situations serves as an excellent means of showing the ordinary occurrences in our day to day life that demonstrate the ways in which hierarchies of power affect our lives in ways we do not realize. She continues by bringing in the reader to the understanding of the belief that these everyday oppressions are acceptable as they are perpetrated by the people who possess â€Å"(†¦) the power to determine â€Å"normal†Ã¢â‚¬  (Bromley 2012). When Bromley brings

Marketing Management and Strategy

Question: Explain marketing evaluation with help of an example. Answer: Market evaluation is the determination of the strategy that can be seen in the market place implemented by different organization (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). Normally, strategies are the most uncertain procedure and most advertently prone to failure. Strategy is more like saying we should double the company sales to enlarge the business but the statement does not illuminates as to how we can double the sales. In the global world hundred of strategies are made every day so that they can curve out different tunnels to reach their successive goals. Evaluation of those strategies assists the business aspirants to develop knowledge as to how strategies can be made and how certain tactics can make those strategies relevant for application. IKEA was established by Ingvar Kamprad. They started selling furniture after five years and in January 2008 it was marked as the biggest furniture retailer. Most recently they have initiated the eco friendly furniture business which has gained a lot of fame in marketplace. Their innovative ways to evolve in global market place has made them famous. IKEA is an organization which promotes that throwing away wrecked furniture is not the option one should choose when recycling and reusing can occur (Sjgren 2015). What happens when the so called life of furniture ends? What ominous outcome does it face? The questions are little too humane for the furniture but IKEA asked and come with the solution of recycling and reusing the furniture to revitalize their live and also reducing the wastage of woods. Their target is those people who want to wash their hands of their old furniture. According to a journal published by Yang et al. 2013, recycling the disposable furniture is the technique that is innovative and also marketable. The strategy is not devoid of tactics. The company head Howard is intuitive and has provided good channels through which people can sell the recyclable furniture (Las Vegas Review-Journal, 2016). The idea is quite challenging and definitely has prospective value. Their approach is genuine and people are quite happy as they are paying for the objects they were throwing away. IKEA has adapted to the digital culture and they promises in not- so- far future people will be able to buy substitute parts for their broken household items. People will be able order for their broken household parts on the company site and in return they will mail the user with the blueprints that will have instructions about the procedure of repairing that object. They will provide hinges and screws or even with the whole part so that user can repair them without taking expert assistance. Now this is called an idea that can change the face of global market. Digital and market effectiveness of a product holds great importance in global market. IKEA h as come up with the strategy that is market effective and digitally significant (Maier et al.2012). The price of their furniture is lower compared to other companies and their sales rate is higher. Marketing evaluation of IKEA has assisted in analyzing the practicability of the techniques that they have implemented. The organization firstly promotes ecological values (Passaro et al. 2015). Secondly, the organization has implemented innovative idea that is still rare in the global market. IKEA has also taken initiative of recycling clothes and textiles. The organization fully depends on the recyclable objects to make their own line of products. But global market is changing every day. Sooner or later this idea will also be implemented by other marketers also. Successful strategies are like freshly baked cakes, once they are out of the oven everyone wants to have it. Same will happen with this strategy also. Now the question is what plans IKEA has for the future. Has their strategist already started scratching their heads or they are still not done with basking in the light of success? Only the time will tell. Reference: Maier, A., Suarasan, M.M. and Nicoara, F.D., 2012. Innovation-a Must for the Durable Development.Management Marketing,7(3), p.479. Passaro, P., Perchinunno, P. and Schirone, D.A., 2015. Green Marketing and Sustainable Development: A Statistical Survey on Ikea Customers Perception. InComputational Science and Its Applications--ICCSA 2015(pp. 130-145). Springer International Publishing. Sjgren, H., 2015. Design by IKEA: A Cultural History. By Sara Kristoffersson. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014. viii+ 148 pp. Illustrations, figures, references, notes, index. Cloth, $29.95. ISBN: 978-0-8578-5814-6.Business History Review,89(02), pp.364-367. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge. Yang, C., Liu, Z., Wang, H. and Shen, J., 2013. Reusing design knowledge based on design cases and knowledge map.International Journal of Technology and Design Education,23(4), pp.1063-1077.

Uncertainty reduction theory

Introduction Uncertainty reduction theory is based on the tradition that strangers need to minimize the level of doubt in their early relations. The theory is based on the concept that people find it difficult to communicate due to uncertainty of the other person’s reaction. However, this insecurity can be reduced through interpersonal communication where relations created motivate people to engage in conversations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Uncertainty reduction theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Researchers link uncertainty reduction to a number of interpersonal communication strategies such as verbal and non-verbal interactions, similarity of a kind, information search, and self-disclosure (Ting-Toomey, 2012). To cut doubt amongst individuals, persons pursue passive, active, as well as interactive schemes (Gamble Gamble, 2013). A passive scheme does not engage an individual directly but aims at having a clear view of the stranger in the surrounding. An interpersonal study denotes the consideration given to the relations between persons in love, business associates, or social commitments. People meet in different settings while on daily activities; this gathers individuals from diverse social backgrounds who may find it hard to express themselves at the first instance. This paper discusses the central idea of uncertainty reduction theory with regard to strangers from different ethnic backgrounds. Interpersonal Communication in Cultural Differences The uncertainty reduction concept tries to increase an individual’s confidence and develop more interactive relationships. In most cases, people from dissimilar cultures find it hard to communicate and express personal ideas in a convincing manner. Concerning the matter, many may opt to communicate using signs due to the urgency of the message. This is resulted by language barriers caused by differences in race, sex, ed ucation levels, as well as social status. Self-disclosure in cultural issues is a strategy aimed at building confidence to reduce uncertainty in communication (Hogg, Kruglanski, Bos, 2013). Cultural differences bring about the aspect of strangeness in that individuals avoid others. A stranger is someone who is perceived as being physically near but conceptually very far. In that case, the stranger holds personal membership not shared by others in the locality. This understanding acknowledges that anyone can be a potential stranger and hence interpersonal processes must be initiated to reduce uncertainty (Wood, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethnic differential is a primary cause of this uncertainty when people meet in strange situations. This can be in the workplace, in social settings, or during cross-cultural actions. In addition, most international organizations may exper ience this communication conflict. Uncertainty reduction through interpersonal strategies may be effective in cross-cultural as well as intercultural communication. Interpersonal affiliations help in the advancement of interactive schemes necessary to counter a situation of incertitude. Communication gives sympathy in relation building. Most importantly is that the need for uncertainty reduction is elevated in the early levels of interaction when the parties have little knowledge about each other (Koester Lustig, 2012). In order to predict the probable behavior, one needs to choose words rightly to engage the stranger into a conversation aimed at stimulating attraction. The choice of topics is important as it determines the level of anxiety as well as communication motives exhibited. In that case, preciseness and specialty in talking is core to building a calm environment for the strangers. This in the end reduces uncertainty, improves communication, and solves inter-cultural issue s. During initial encounters, individuals from different ethnic settings look at each other with dismay; this is because it is not easy to trust people from other social backgrounds, which one does not know well. The aspect of uncertainty is evident in the way people approach each other. Hostile environment is characterized by silence and suspicious looks. This is necessary to reduce anxiety and self-doubt between two individuals. This is the initiative towards reducing uncertainty. The act of observing a stranger as he or she approaches takes in the passive strategy in the process, which allows one to monitor the activities of the other. This gives an individual the natural outlook of the stranger even before they get into contact. As a result, one would have analyzed the person he or she hopes to meet far before the actual meeting (Scollo Carbaugh, 2013). This is a great step towards creating good relations if a stranger shows positivism in deeds.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Uncertainty reduction theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Having observed a stranger at a distance allows the party to compose him or herself and thus gets set to start a conversation with the individual. Passive approach also includes the primary search of information regarding another’s culture. Cultural knowledge is important where strangers come from diverse social settings; this is because dissimilar ethnic communities practice own traditions, which are not similar to any other. This means that each person has own beliefs, norms, as well as customs that influence personal judgment and communication skills. This is another concept of the theory that looks at the active part of inter-cultural encounters. Each party thus brings on board various conceptions from their own culture (Koester Lustig, 2012). Active strategy involves the real solicit of information from third parties, which gives a clear description of the stranger. This involves actual dealings with the person of interest whether by engaging them directly or through other persons who promise an excellent follow up of the stranger. For instance, one may sit at the same table with the stranger to try and understand the person’s behavior, interests, as well as beliefs (Gamble Gamble, 2013). In this stage, one may combine the passive strategy by merely observing strangers and interacting with them where he or she may try to extract some information straight from the strangers. The interactive strategy might be the most promising mode of reducing uncertainty; this involves a direct relation with the stranger featured by open communication. The idea behind this interactive part is the need to get firsthand information directly from the other person. In such a situation, the individual may realize that the stranger is more social than earlier thought or else cold to interact. This self-disclosure leads to uncertai nty reduction on a greater part due to its reciprocity effect (Ting-Toomey, 2012). The individuals understand each other’s behavior, interests, and cultural backgrounds. This results to the building of firm relationships between the persons. Collecting information from strangers requires good interpersonal knowledge in order to take full advantage of time spent with the person. Thus, communicators should use relevant questions to engage the party into active communication. This helps information seekers to use positive non-verbal reactions to understand the person and reduce uncertainty aspects. Uncertainly between people is greatly minimized by building retroactive confidence and increasing knowledge on behavioral choices.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, uncertainty reduction is influenced by personal interactions as well as adequacy of information accumulation. Attribution confidence is enhanced when stranger data is available relative to current and future behaviors. This gives one the confidence to trust in another person and thus reduce uncertainty. The relationship between interactive communication and attributive confidence is logical in trying to reduce uncertainty. The interrogative aspect keeps people at par hence promoting a good environment for an exchange program. People from diverse cultural settings find themselves having difficulties in socializing where fear takes course (Koester Lustig, 2012). This leads to communication breakdown, which can only be resolved by influential interpersonal skills and actions. Conclusion The use of non-verbal communication tools is also essential in the reduction of uncertainty where people engage in expressive activities to reduce tension amongst them. Verbal and non-verbal attributes are all aimed at enhancing confidence and initiating communication amid strangers. As a result, strangers disclose personal information to others and eventually share experiences as well as ideas. Ambiguity reduction acts a key task in boosting effective communication (Scollo Carbaugh, 2013). Strangers should try as much as achievable to create a calm environment through passive and active schemes in order to build self-confidence. Studies acknowledge that each person should use personal experiences and behaviors to approach another. This is called for due to cultural differences as well the level of self-understanding exhibited. Therefore, the strategies that persons employ to reduce as well to manage uncertainty vary across ethnic positions. For instance, it is observed that individuals from high-context cultures differ considerably from those in collectivists’ cultures in that both present distinct information (Wood, 2012). Uncertainty may be minimized by usin g interactive communication, and attributive confidence is a logical manner to influence behavior. References Gamble, T. K., Gamble M. (2013). Interpersonal communication: Building connections together. New York: Sage Pub. Hogg, M. A., Kruglanski, A., Bos, K. (2013). Uncertainty and the roots of extremism. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 407-418. Koester, J., Lustig, M. (2012). Intercultural competence: Interpersonal communication across cultures. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Scollo, M., Carbaugh, D. (2013). Interpersonal communication: qualities and culture. Russian Journal of Communication, 5(2), 95-103. Ting-Toomey, S. (2012). Communicating across cultures. New York: Guilford Press. Wood, J. T. (2012). Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. New York: Wadsworth. This essay on Uncertainty reduction theory was written and submitted by user Braxton House to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Thoughts On A Person/A Paper/A Promise Essays - British Poetry

Thoughts On A Person/A Paper/A Promise A Person/A Paper/A Promise is by far my favorite poem. It may not be the best poem ever written, but it expresses feelings and situations that I, as a human being and especially as a teenager, can relate to very deeply. The author describes a series of situations in the life of a person that resemble our own experiences or those of people we know. He manages to create a deeply affecting and poignant mood and compassionate, sympathetic feelings in the readers. The poem is divided into four stanzas, each of which narrates an episode in a boy's life. In each of the stanzas, the events and the people revolving around them are described, and in the following stanza, we read about how those events or people have changed and why. In every stanza, the boy writes a poem about a different subject, which we're led to believe is of major importance to him. The topics of his poetry change as he grows up, from his dog to the season, from his girlfriend to, in the final stanza, Absolutely Nothing. These changes show us how the boy's perspective of life constantly evolves. As a narrative poem, A Person/A Paper/A Promise has all the elements of a short story, including a rising action, which begins in the second stanza with his discoveries about how the people and things he took for granted, such as Santa Claus or Father Tracy, his priest, or sex, even, are not what they seemed at first. This rising action intensifies in the third stanza, when the kid, already grown-up now, is jaded, doing things because he has to, his family life being practically non-existent. This situation inevitably leads to the climax in the fourth stanza, when they boy writes his final poem, Absolutely Nothing, and commits suicide. Basically, over the years his life changes from perfect to meaningless, empty and chaotic, and he decides to end it. To me, this poem represents why we must rely on our inner strength when difficult situation arises and not give in to despair, because life is too precious a gift to waste it that way. I think that though it can touch anyone's heart, A Person/A Paper/A Promise has a stronger effect on people who, like me, have lost (or nearly lost) a loved one to suicide. Sometimes, we just don't understand how a person could kill himself. Throughout the poem, we learn about the kind of life the character's living and we sort of come to sympathize with him and understand his feelings. And yet, we can't help but feel impotent, seeing someone, even if he is fictional character, end his life by choice. This poem has made me aware of how I should make the best of what I have and live every instant to the fullest. And if I may ever find myself in a situation where I think I'm completely helpless, I'll know that life goes on and ending isn't the way to solve my problems. Poetry Essays

A Bird in The House essays

A Bird in The House essays 1) Meaning of the chapter: -Connects back to Piquette's life -"loons" used as a metaphor to describe the lack of attention and belonging e.g. Piquette did not go to school and stayed home at all times 2) Major Event: - Piquette going forth to the Connors cottage - first time Piquette showed that she can relate 3) Major Conflict: -Piquette does not fit in with the Connor family e.g. Mother thought that Piquette had lice; Grandmother McLeod refused to go to the cottage with her and Vanessa's father orders her to get along with Piquette. Vanessa also only "uses" Piquette as an 4) Explain what we learned about the family: Grandmother McLeod is prejudice against people of lower class. - Beth is the typical mother in response to thinking that Piquette would be a bad influence on her child BUT once Beth got to know stay -Ewen Connor is considerate, kind, and showed compassion to Piquette. - Vanessa tried to be friends with Piquette 5) Functions of the Characters outside of the family: -Piquette shows that some people go through life not really 6) Explain what and how Vanessa learns about life: Vanessa learns that not all people are not as lucky as she is to have a family, home, -Vanessa finds it hard to cope with the change of having one of her fathers patience's as an acquaintance. - Vanessa learns that sharing intimate moments with another will bring them closer together in spirit. - Vanessa learns a great deal about the nature and life. 7) Explain the significance of the last sentence of the chapter: Piquette can relate to the loons better than anyone else because both loons and her have no sense of belonging nor hope ...

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 28

Strategic Management - Essay Example In future, Intel needs to acquire the knowhow of building similar chips. The brand awareness of the firm is high in the industry; and with such strategic changes, Intel would be able to rule out competition of ARM Holdings. The case study examines the strategic management operations of Intel. From 2012 to 2013, the industry has experienced an excellent rate of turnover, which is as high as 4.8%. This industry is dominated by certain giant corporations like, Intel, Samsung and Broadcom. This examination will be done by studying the business environment where the company operates, along with its current business strategies on basis of the case study. Finally, the report will analyze ways through which Intel would be able to sustain competitive advantage in the industry as it has been noticed that companies like, ARM Holdings, are encroaching on large proportion of assured market demand of Intel. The forecasts regarding business of the semiconductor industry are made by the World Semiconductors Trade Statistics Organization (WSTS). Hence the firms in the industry are highly conscious about the reports published by this agency, as it influences their brand images in the market. The royalties and licenses of new technological developments are provided to the firms of semiconductor industry in each nation by public governing authorities. Hence the firm’s operational freedoms are highly manipulated and controlled by the public authorities. The companies within the industry experience high degree of competition among them. Perhaps this is the reason for which the firms like Intel and ARM are found to invest large amount of money for product and process development procedures in business. The degree of communicational integration has enhanced with rise in use of internet. This has spurred demand for technological smart gadgets

Mcdonalds recommendations for a better future Essay

Mcdonalds recommendations for a better future - Essay Example The company has a great emphasis on customer and employee satisfaction; it is also very innovative with new trends and tastes being introduced in new products. Despite the company’s success, it is faced with intense competition from other food chains such as KFC and Burger King. Therefore, it is necessary to McDonalds’ leaders to adjust and improve the organization in several areas as a way of surviving this intense competition in the future. The company should apply efficient reward and performance practices so as to attract result driven professionals in the company who can succeed in performance-based environment. This technique is a crucial employee motivator. Several ways of employee motivation include; giving them bonus payments, recognizing hardworking employees and giving them authority. McDonalds should consider giving employees bonus packages as per their performance. Continental Airlines introduced a bonus incentive package where employees would receive $65 monthly for ensure on time flight operations, and it has improved its services. An effective reward management system instills a sense of ownership to the employees as they tend to focus on job improvement in the company. One disadvantage of the strategy is that the employees can be de-motivated if the goals set to receive a bonus are too hard to achieve (Puffer 1999). Being a multinational company, McDonalds should use a decentralized organizational structure as opposed to a centralized structure to allow managers make appropriate and pragmatic decisions for their outlets contextually. This is because restaurants in different countries might not be faced with similar challenges. Decentralized decision-making allows a subsidiary company to make its decisions to solve local problems better than the parent company making decisions for a business in the foreign country. The disadvantage with decentralized decision-making is that if a wrong

The Decline of Our Sea- a Paper on Overfishing Essay Example for Free

The Decline of Our Sea- a Paper on Overfishing Essay The Decline of Our Sea SCI 275 Environmental Science Steve List-Instructor The fishermen across the world invest their lives into their boats and their men. They venture out into the open water and catch all that they can. The fisherman knows that this is what all the other fishermen are doing as well; it is a survival of the fittest. The man with the most fish wins, they get the biggest check. The world is home to six billion people and there are not enough fish in the seas to feed the world. According to the video, there is a problem with overfishing and the ocean is being harvested of all its fish faster than it can repopulate. There are not enough fish left to allow this resource to thrive for our future. According to Scientist Jeremy Jackson, it is reversible; there is still hope. Overfishing is not just fisheries taking fish from the sea; although that is the larger part of it. Fisheries also bycatch, which means they accidently catch other fish when fishing for certain species. Bycatching is causing depletion of other species and it is wasteful. Fisheries also harm habitats and breeding grounds by fishing and dragging equipment and nets. The fisheries create pollution as does the rest of the world, causing severe damage to our oceans. Climate changes also serve as an issue. Water temperatures are changing and causing damage to fragile ecosystems. All of these factors are taken into place as we create a plan, and help repopulate and save our oceans. We must sustain and maintain this resource for our future generations. My plan is to utilize a catch share system. This system has been studied for many years now in the United States. This plan will help the fisheries, save jobs and help our oceans to provide for a great future. The Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) has researched the plan and stands behind it to save the fish and the fisheries. Fishermen will be required to meet a conservation goal and will be accountable for what they catch. They will be allowed to fish in certain zones and catch a certain number of fish. With this plan in effect, the fisheries will be able to still fish and the resource can replenish itself. It is a win-win situation for both parties. Fisherman may view the plan negatively, believing that they are being too restricting with a catch share plan. Fisheries make money from what the catch, if they are limited; it may mean less money for them now. The fishermen have to see the plan as a long term goal. The plan has already worked in the Gulf of Mexico according to the EDF. The plan was initiated for red snapper in January of 2007. Fisherman in that area are now able to fish year round for the first time in a decade, gaining 25% more in earnings and bycatch is down by 70%. Environmentalists will see the plan as a positive approach to saving our oceans. There will be fewer fishermen on the water, therefore less pollution. The fishermen will have restrictions and limits on the number of fish they catch, therefore allowing replenishment of the fish naturally. This may be looked at negatively as well; there will be a decrease in jobs in the fisheries. Manpower will be reduced as less fish can be caught. As of now, over 200 million people worldwide are employed by fisheries. The environmentalists and the fisheries will need to work together to make the catch share plan work. The two must realize that it will not happen overnight and it will take time to reverse the effects we have caused. As the catch share plan is put in place; we will work in zones allowing fisheries to catch and reduce bycatch, thus reducing the chances of eliminating other species of sea life. As time goes on, the fish will repopulate and harvesting can be opened a little more at a time. This plan will increase revenues for fisheries since certain fish are diminishing and will replenish later. The catch share plan will allow fisheries to stay open; jobs will not be eliminated and communities worldwide can enjoy the nourishment of the catch. With the plan in effect the fish population can repopulate and communities can thrive on the additional earnings that large catches can bring in when zones are opened. People all over the world can still continue to apply for fishing licenses as leisure and can enjoy a wide range of fish species in their diet. With the catch share plan in place, we can keep fisheries open, create new jobs, and allow the fragile oceans to thrive. We can reverse the damage that we have caused on our ecosystem and make a difference for generations to come. References Burnham, Katharine (2008). New Study Offers Viable Solution to Overfishing. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from http://www. edf. org/pressrelease. cfm? contentID=8458 Jeantheau, Mark (2005). Pretty Mermaids are Always Over Fishing for Compliments: The Causes and Effects of Overfishing. Retrieved June 19, 2009, from http://www. grinningplanet. com/2005/06-07/overfishing-article. htm

Globalization Impacted on Indian Economy

Globalization Impacted on Indian Economy Introduction: Indian economy had experienced major policy changes in early 1990s. The new economic reform, popularly known as, Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG model) aimed at making the Indian economy as fastest growing economy and globally competitive. The series of reforms undertaken with respect to industrial sector, trade as well as financial sector aimed at making the economy more efficient. Globalization has many meanings depending on the context and on the person who is talking about. Though the precise definition of globalization is still unavailable a few definitions are worth viewing, Guy Brainbant: says that the process of globalization not only includes opening up of world trade, development of advanced means of communication, internationalization of financial markets, growing importance of MNCs, population migrations and more generally increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data and ideas but also infections, diseases and pollution. The term globalization refers to the integration of economies of the world through uninhibited trade and financial flows, as also through mutual exchange of technology and knowledge. Ideally, it also contains free inter-country movement of labor. In context to India, this implies opening up the economy to foreign direct investment by providing facilities to foreign companies to invest in different fields of economic activity i n India, removing constraints and obstacles to the entry of MNCs in India, allowing Indian companies to enter into foreign collaborations and also encouraging them to set up joint ventures abroad; carrying out massive import liberalization programs by switching over from quantitative restrictions to tariffs and import duties, therefore globalization has been identified with the policy reforms of 1991 in India. (http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/8/738/impact-of-globalization1.asp) Aims and Objectives:- The details mentioned below will help to know the research issue, the reason for the issue, cause of being the present issue and explain that how this research can be helpful in future. The research issue:- The main issue is the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. Globalization has come to dominate world since the 19th century. Globalization has many meanings depending on the frame of mind of person who thinks about it. However, Globalization means the integration of economies and societies through the exchange of ideas, technology, services, finance and people. The reason that led to globalization in India was the significant decline in GDP of some East Asian companies, lack of growth in developing countries and the foreign exchange markets of the developed nations. Due to the above reasons- Inflation in India rose sharply during 1998-99, reaching the height of 8.8% in September 1998 and dropping down in January 1999. Manufacturing growth in terms of GDP fell to 7.7% in 1996-97 from previous years height of 15%, whereas in 1997-98 it fell to 6.8%. The above mentioned impacts show the connection of India with the global economy, production decisions and government policies. Why is it an issue? There is a concern that relates to the loss of autonomy following the economic policies. It is certain that in the progressing world, all countries cant implement the same techniques, there are suppose to be some differences depending on various circumstances. Why is it an issue now:- Though there will be a help of foreign investment to promote the economic development in the short run, but there is also a possibility that at the times of recession investors may withdraw their funds causing further problems. Domestic producers are being affected by overseas giants,that are having competitive advantages over the domestic producers; having huge funds to invest. This has started to result in closure of many domestic owned firms. Globalization has resulted in outsourcing of jobs to developing countries, resulting the loss of jobs in developed countries; in the near future there is a chance that multinational corporation with there immense power may rule the world. What could this research shed light on:- The research mainly concentrates on finding the positive and negative impacts of globalization on Indian economy, talking about reforms, mentioning some important stats and figures, casual analysis of various factors influencing the country, etc. Background section:- In the early 1990s Indian economy had experienced major policy changes. The economic reform known as Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG model) aimed to make the Indian economy, the fastest growing economy and also to make it globally competitive. The series of reforms implemented with respect to industrial sector, trade as well as financial sector aimed at making the economy more efficient. July 1991 has led to a new start for India. This period of economic changes has had a tremendous impact on the overall development of almost all major sectors of the economy. Globalization has changed the mindset of Indian people. It has changed the traditional values such as self reliance and socialistic policies of economic development; that were mainly created to economic backwardness, inefficiency of the economy and also some other problems; which were created since the independence in 1947. Despite of such obstacles, India has always had the potential to be on the fast track to prosperity. Literature Review:- There have been many authors who have commented on the topic: Impact of Globalization on the economy. Let us take a close look at the ideas of such authors. In the book by Jeffrey A. Frankel (1998), named The regionalization of the world economy, he gave a brief idea about the free trade areas, custom unions and custom blocs that are prevalent in the entire world. He further said that Regionalization is the base which makes more economists hopeful about the opportunities that it may create in the near future, whereas it creates fear in the minds of others- making them think about the efforts it may take to encourage global free trade. The book provides answers to questions like- the extent of regional arrangements having affected the patterns of trade, maintains the safety effects for the arrangements and it also explains the economic effects on patterns of trade, via price differentiations or gravity models. In the book by Robert Boyer and Daniel Drache (1996), named States against markets: the limits of globalization, they commented that: As the countries are making efforts to increase their exports; this has indirectly led to crossing of national-borders and becoming dependent on other countries to satisfy their wants. Some important points discussed in the book are- clarification of whether globalization is a development or not, further it assesses the success of globalization as a media of convergence and uniformity across nations, it provides update on Hayek vs. Keynes debate and also helps to provide best benefits to the entire world. In the book by K R Gupta (1996), named Liberalisation and globalisation of Indian economy (Volume 1), he comments that it has been a long time since the process of Liberalisation and Globalisation was started in India in 1991. In the book he has examined the achievements and failures of economic reforms throughout this period, and has also made some suggestions to improve them. The book also presents the roles to be played by all states in accelerating the developments of the country as a whole. It describes the economic reforms of other countries from which India can learn a lot, it analyses the impact of reforms on the agricultural cottage and small scale sector and suggests a greater attention towards these sectors. In the book by Satyendra S. Nayak (2009) named Globalization and the Indian economy: Roadmap to convertible rupee, he examines the impact of globalization on the Indian economy- in respect to the trade, investment and financial aspects, he has also considered the balance of payment and exchange rate. In the first part of the book- he mentions the role played by the US in undergoing the globalization process, he also provides detailed analysis of monetary system. In the second part of the book- the author explains the Indian economic systems and its process of dealing with the globalization; he has given a brief idea regarding the economic reforms and state of liberalisation in India. Finally the author examines whether the Indian currency- rupee can be made fully convertible or not. Research Questions:- Based on the purpose of this research the primary question will be: Will Liberalisation, Privatization and Globalization help India to achieve faster growth and progress in future as well. What impact will the MNCs have on the growth and development of under-developed and developing countries? What were the important reforms undertaken by India in the early nineties as a part of liberalisation and globalization strategy? Research Design AND METHODOLOGY Collis and Hussey (2003 pg 113) defines a research design as a science of planning procedures for conducting studies to get the most valid findings. A research design is an important step for a research proposal Research process can have different design and different methods can be used depending on the chosen subject what is being analysed. The research process is used to define the research strategy of the study in detail. Figure 1 describes a generic research process onion that supports the researcher to depict the issues underlying the choice of data collection methods (Saunders et al 2000: 84) Figure 1. Research process onion http://www.thesisexpress.com/images/fig3.jpg [Accessed 15th May 2009]. The layers of the research onion represent the following aspects: Research philosophy Research approach Research strategy, methodology Time horizons and Data collection methods The research onion gives an overview, how one can achieve its objectives by using the techniques in each layer of the onion. This research proposal aims to take a closer look on market segmentation, package design, brand development and assessment, and understanding various processes, including consumers decision-making processes. The research design, philosophy of this proposal will be framed more within the qualitative (phenomenological paradigm) methodology. But in order to better understand the study respondents, to optimize the data collection process, to increase both the breadth and width of data collection requires the use of mixed methods. The main differences between them and what they are focussed on can be seen in table 1. Table1. Quantitative / Positivist paradigm Qualitative/ Phenomenological paradigm Older tradition derived from scientific enquiry Developed from research into human experience Data take the form of numbers Data take the form of non-numbers Reality is assumed to be a fixed concept Reality is assumed to alter according to perspective Researcher maintains objectivity, remains aloof and distant from the researched There is interaction between researcher and researched, possibly to the extent of inter-subjectivity where both collaborate on the work as a whole Ensuring reliability means that the work may be repeated with the same findings Reliability may not be possible with human experiences. It is less important Large representative samples Small samples not necessarily representative Validity may be low Great importance placed on validity- the truth or trustworthiness of the research Findings to be generalised to whole population studied Findings not generalisable; may be transferable in certain circumstances Deductive or hypothetico- deductive stance-tests pre-set theories and hypotheses Inductive stance develops theory from observation artificial research setting, controlled by the researcher natural setting for the researched Source: Lecture notes by Jonathan Knowles There are two main research approaches: deduction and induction. With deduction a theory and hypothesis (or hypotheses) are developed and a research strategy designed to test the hypothesis. With induction, theory would follow data rather than vice versa as with deduction. Major differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research are: Table 2 Deduction Induction Scientific principles Gaining an understanding of the meanings humans attach to events Moving from theory to data Need to explain casual relationships between variables Close understanding of the research context Collection of quantitative data Collection of qualitative data Application of controls to ensure validity of data Realization that the researcher is part the research process Operationalisation of concepts to ensure clarity of definition More flexible structure to permit changes of research emphasis as the research progresses Highly structured approach . Researcher independence of what is being researched Less concern with the need to generalize Necessity to select samples of sufficient size in order to generalize conclusions Source: Saunders et all, 2007, p.120 This proposal follows the inductive approach where data is collected and the theory is developed as result of the data analysis. Through the interviews, access will be gained to the understanding of meaning that humans attach to the events. The objective for using the inductive approach is to ensure that all angles are covered in terms of understanding the deeper structure of the research problem. The next step is to choose the strategy, methodology which is going to be used. According to Saunders et all (2007, p.135), any of these strategies can be used Experiment Survey Case study Action research Grounded theory Ethnography Archival research For the purpose of this research proposal the grounded theory methodology will be used. Grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967) is often thought of as the best example of the inductive approach. It helps in theory building through a combination of induction and deduction. A grounded theory strategy is, according to Goulding (2002), is helpful for research to predict and explain behaviour, the emphasis being upon developing and building theory. Constant references to the data to develop and test theory leads Collis and Hussey (2003) to call grounded theory an inductive/deductive approach, theory being grounded in such continual references to the data. Data collection methods are an integral part of research design. There are several data collection methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Problems researched with the use of appropriate methods greatly enhance the value of the research. Data can be collected in a variety of ways and from different sources. Data collection methods include interviews- face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, computer-assisted interviews, and interviews through the electronic media, surveys, questionnaires that are either personally administered, sent through the mail, or electronically administered, observation of individuals and events with or without videotaping or audio recording and a variety of other motivational techniques such as projective tests. Interviewing, administering questionnaires, and surveys are the three main data collection methods followed in this research. Timescale:- Its important to develop a time plan for the research to lead to a successful dissertation. For this reason the Gantt chart (developed by Henry Gantt, 1917) can be used. A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of the duration of tasks against the progression of time. It is a useful tool for planning and scheduling projects as well as monitoring a projects progress. A Gantt chart lets us see how remedial action may bring the project back on course. Table 3 Target date January-February Start thinking about research topic End February Identify research problem, finalize objectives March Devise research approach March-end July Collecting data, read literature June- September Analysing and interpretation of data By half September Draft finding chapters 13th August- 5th November Appointments with supervisor By 12th November Revise draft, writing format for submission By 16th November Print, bind Before 23rd November Submit Adapted from Saunders et al., 2007, p.41 Resources:- The resources required for this research may be categorized as finance, data access and equipment. The financial expenses for this research will not be too high. However, because of the research is mainly focused on India, it will be necessary to cover travel expenses which may occur in case of personal interview, but thanks to low cost airlines, it would be still affordable. Internet has provided most of the information about this subject. Internet access is available at the university campus. Other minor expenses are expected for photocopying or printing and posting questionnaires. The main equipment used will be PC, printer and recorder. Access to study population:- In this research data will be collected from Primary source due to its validity; as well as secondary data to supplement the primary data. The primary data will be collected by conducting survey using questionnaire technique among income groups and various age. The questionnaire will be checked for completion and interviewing quality. Editing is the review of the questionnaire with the objective of increasing accuracy and precision. There are several sources of secondary data, including books and periodicals, government publications of economic indicators, census data, Statistical Abstracts. Ethical Issues:- When doing research it is always important that all parties in research should exhibit ethical behaviour. Ethics are norms or standards of behaviour that guide moral choices about our behaviour and our relationships with others. The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers adverse consequences from research activities. There are six key principles of ethical research that will be addressed, whenever applicable: à ¢-   Research should be designed, reviewed and undertaken to ensure integrity and quality à ¢-   Research staff and subjects must be informed fully about the purpose, methods and intended possible uses of the research, what their participation in the research entails and what risks, if any, are involved. à ¢-   The confidentiality of information supplied by research subjects and the anonymity of respondents must be respected à ¢-   Research participants must participate in a voluntary way, free from any coercion à ¢-   Harm to research participants must be avoided à ¢-   The independence of research must be clear, and any conflicts of interest or partiality must be explicit http://www.esrc.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/Images/ESRC_Re_Ethics_Frame_tcm6-11291.pdf [Accessed 16th May 2009]. Analysis/Interpretation of the Data:- For this research, a probability sampling technique will be used to answer the research questions and achieve objectives. The possible sampling techniques used will be stratified random and cluster. According to Saunders et al (2007, pg 221) stratified random sampling involves division of population into two or more relevant and significant strata based on one or more number of attributes. Further division of the population into series of relevant strata will ensure that the samples are more likely to be representative of the different customers in India. The data collected from the questionnaire will be neatly presented, analysed, and interpreted using pie-charts, bar graphs in the most efficient way to have the better understanding of the results. Conclusion: The main purpose of this research proposal was to identify and analyze the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. It also helped to determine the positive and negative impacts on globalization. This proposal helped me to identify the main objectives, questions and problems which this research may concentrate on; the literature review gave me the idea regarding the literature sources available- that will be enlarged by following research for the dissertation. Design and methodology stage helped to create the framework of possibilities and methods useful to achieve the specified objectives. It helped me to make a proper plan to undertake the research within the time available and to make sure that the results are in relation to knowledge and understanding. References: Malik T, 2004. Impact of globalization on Indian economy; accessed on April 25, 2010 (Source: http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/8/738/impact-of-globalization1.asp) Irving Fisher Group, 2003. Indian economy and globalization; accessed on April 25, 2010 (Source: http://www.slideshare.net/fathima_sy/globalization-and-indian-economy-1095107) Balakrishnan C, 2004. Impact of globalization on developing countries and India; accessed on April 29, 2010 (Source: http://economics.about.com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization.htm) Trade Chakra; accessed on April 29, 2010 (Source: http://www.tradechakra.com/indian-economy/globalization.html) Goyal K, 2003. Impact of globalization on developing countries (with special reference to India); accessed on April 29, 2010 (Source: http://www.eurojournals.com/IRJFE%206%20goyal.pdf) Pavcnik N, October 26, 2006. Distributional effects of globalization in developing countries; accessed on May 3, 2010 (Source: http://www.princeton.edu/~pennykg/JEL_Globalization.pdf) Kaitila V. Economic globalization in developing countries; accessed on May 5, 2010 (Source: http://www.etla.fi/files/918_FES_02_3_developing_countries.pdf0) Research papers. Globalization can have a negative impact on developing economy (Source: http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Globalization-Can-Have-Negative-Impact-Developing/145452)

Expression Through Experience: the Impact of Writers Lives Through Poetry

A. J. Vega Professor Alba English 1317: Introduction to Literature February 13, 2013 Expression Through Experience: The Impact of Writers Lives Through Poetry Poetry comes in various styles, writings, languages, and elements, but it is not just the literature that is different: the poets have their own unique way to write and express themselves through poems. From the 1600s’ to the present, poetry and literature as a whole has changed greatly based on the experiences and events that have taken place in the lives of writers.Like many other people in this world, they have witnessed death, tragedy, heartbreak, and loss of hope, which inspired their writings and changing the world of literature. Because of this, many people can relate to these poems because of similar experiences and can reflect on their perspectives and compare their ideals to the poets that express their thoughts in their work. People like Robert Frost, William Shakespeare, and Matthew Arnold, all unique poets, have made connections to their lives and invested their time into writing poems to express their ideas and feelings to relate to people everywhere.Robert Frost was an American poet during the Naturalism period. This period lasted from the end of the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. During this period there was brutality of human live and of nature as well (Alba). According to Josh Rahn, â€Å"The dominant theme of Naturalist literature is that persons are fated to whatever station in life their heredity, environment, and social conditions prepare them for. † This implies that people’s lives would be dependent on their own experiences like where and how they lived, who they were and their status in society.Rahn would also relate the Naturalist period to be â€Å"the logical growth of literary Realism† (Rahn). The Naturalist writers of this time did not include religion in their literature, and does not expect the world to change, whether their p erspectives about it are good or bad. At the same time of the Naturalist period, the Progressive Era took place. This is a time where America was starting to be acknowledged as a powerful nation in the world, but internally, the nation was suffering. This was the time leading intoWorld War I and right before the Roaring Twenties and then the Great Depression, which were all unexpected and rapid events occurring right after another. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco in 1874 and moved to the New England area at the age of eleven. Frost married Elinor Miriam White, who was his main inspiration for many of his poetry before her death in 1938 (Academy of American Poets). He was also inspired by British poets during that time like: Edward Thomas, Rupert Brooke, and Robert Graves (Academy of American Poets).Much of Frost’s work that he wrote described the area and landscape of New England, one of which is â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. † The title, â€Å"St opping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† already gives a general idea of what the poem is describing in which the narrator is in the woods while it is snowing. What makes this poem so interesting is its many interpretations, its different perspectives and its eerie setting that is portrayed. As Frost describes the cold, snow-filled evening through intricate imagery (describing the New England winter nights), a question of why the narrator stops in the woods arises.He admired the dark, snowy, woods a lot which would imply that he enjoyed living in the North New England area and that he often looked around and took notice of his surroundings. Also, many would like to interpret the last two lines of the poem, â€Å"And miles to go before I sleep,† in various ways. It is emphasized by its repeated two lines in the last stanza and based on his personal life it could be metaphorical to after losing his wife that he must continue to live. It is hard to tell why Robert Frost wrote t his poem, because of the vagueness of the poem.Maybe it was about Frost visiting an old friend or acquaintance or even a close relative. The mysteriousness about the poem puts the reader in a sort of disequilibrium, to fathom why would someone stop in the woods on a snowy evening. William Shakespeare was a famous British writer and poet during the English Renaissance. This period took place from 1500 to 1660, right after the medieval period, known as the Dark Ages, where a â€Å"rebirth† transformation occurred (Alba). People had a thirst for learning, reading literature, and rt; many of the things were man centered, rather than being focused on God, taking a shift from religion to the ideas on humanity (Alba). Also, advances in medicine and the discovery of the human circulatory system came about (Alba). One of the most important things that came about during the English Renaissance was the invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg (Rahn). Through the pri nting press, literature was made very accessible to people, and encouraged reading and learning and an increase of different ideas to spread.As Rahn describes that it â€Å"maximized printing efficiency in a way that changed the world of arts, letters, and ideas forever. † It was timely and expensive to rewrite copies of different literature, which made it hard for people to get a hold of and read, but now that it was accessible, everyone felt encouraged to start reading, especially the fascinating works of Shakespeare. William Shakespeare was known for both his poems and his other literature and also known as a â€Å"word smith,† where he would make up words derived from different languages, to further describe something that was happening in any of his works (Alba).Shakespeare composed his sonnets between 1553 and 1601, and published in 1609, which consisted of 154 different sonnets written in Shakespearean (Academy of American Poets). The Shakespearean writing techn ique is written with three quatrains and a couplet, making it a fourteen line poem, called a sonnet (Alba). All the sonnets fell into two groups: sonnets 1 to 126 were written for â€Å"a beloved friend, a handsome and noble young man,† and 127 to 152 were addressed â€Å"to a malignant but fascinating ‘Dark Lady,’ whom the poet loves in spite of himself† (Academy of American Poets).This is interesting and yet mysterious, as Josh Rahn explains that, â€Å"very few details of the playwright’s life are known today. † What is known about Shakespeare is that he married Ann Hathaway at the age of eighteen and had two daughters (Academy of American Poets). One of the sonnets Shakespeare wrote, Sonnet 116 talks about what true love is in the eyes of Shakespeare. Since this is the one-hundredth and sixteenth sonnet, this poem was addressed to one of his beloved relatives.Maybe Shakespeare was a mentor to his relative and was trying to describe what l ove is to him or her and trying to encourage the relative to not give up on the power of love because it could be mistaken for something else. In the first stanza, Shakespeare first lets the reader know what love is not before he continues to what love is. He describes love to not be a marriage of two people, and change or fall when things happen. He continues on his second stanza where Shakespeare describes that, â€Å"It is an ever-fixed mark that looks on tempest and is never shaken† (Shakespeare).The â€Å"ever-fixed mark† that Shakespeare describes is the North Star, the only star in the sky that never moves when traveling; it was a great way for navigation, especially for naval exploration (Alba). During this time, naval exploration began, in which the Americas were discovered and Britain had the greatest navy at the time (Alba). Compared to the North Star, love is never changed and will always be there and will be the â€Å"star to ever wandering bark† (S hakespeare). He also capitalizes the word â€Å"time† in this case, also personifying it to provide emphasis and power to the word. Love’s not Time’s fool† simply relates to the fact that love is forever and that is not controlled by time and does not diminish over time. His last two lines of his sonnet portray his confidence in his own intellectual thoughts and ideas on love. If he was not right, then he never did write, which is not true at all. The Victorian Era (named after Queen Victoria in England) lasted from 1832 to 1901, ending immediately the death of the Queen (Alba). During that time, â€Å"Nearly every institution of society was shaken by rapid and unpredictable change† (Rahn).All of Europe’s nations economies increased and accelerated, the steam engine technology grew, leading to an increase in factory production, and a large income of wealth started the rise of the â€Å"middle class,† according to Josh Rahn on his writi ngs of the Victorian Era. Apart from the positive progress scientifically and economically, there were negatives that affected the demographic of Europe at that time. People were looking towards science and leaving their faith and religion (Alba).The theories of evolution and natural selection, according to Rahn, â€Å"brought humanity down to the level of an animal, and seemingly reduced the meaning of life to a bloody struggle for survival. † They had no need for a God in their lives and relied on their strength and wisdom alone. This led to both an increase in optimism and hope for the future, yet also for others, the downfall of human society and the loss of hope in the world. Matthew Arnold, who lived during the Victorian Era was the son of a clergyman and had religion in his whole life (Alba).He studied at Oxford University and eventually became a professor of poetry at Oxford through his â€Å"reputation as a poet† (Academy of American Poets). One of the things that Arnold struggled with in his writing was that his poetry reflected his problems with psychological isolation (Academy of American Poets). Although he was the son of a minister, he often had trouble with his own faith and â€Å"sought to establish the essential truth of Christianity† (Academy of American Poets).One of the most well known things that Matthew Arnold was known for was his critical essays which â€Å"established criticism as an art form, and has influenced almost every major English critic,† making him undoubtably encouraging with his writings (Academy of American Poets). During this era, he felt encouraged to write, â€Å"Dover Beach. † Dover Beach, located in England, is a vacation spot and a place for romantics with white cliffs that are made of salt with smooth, round rocks and pebbles that replace regular sand that would normally be on the beach (Alba).There are two perspectives as to why Matthew Arnold wrote this poem: that he was talking to a loved one to try to find something to hold on to while the world is dark and seemingly falling apart, or that he is trying to seduce a woman. Since he struggled with various problems in his personal life and the changes that had been occurring in Europe, he must have been trying to find something positive in his life to escape from the real world and focus on the present time. Arnold proclaims in his last stanza of his poem, â€Å"let us be true to one another!For the world, which seems to lie before us like a land of dreams, so various, so beautiful, so new, hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light† to try to keep an optimistic point of view in the darkness of everything around him (Arnold). The way that Arnold uses metaphors to compare the sea to the faith that used to be strong and shake the rocks back and forth now dies in the encompassment of the earthly things that darken the hopes and dreams and people with its â€Å"melancholy, long, withdrawing roar† (Arnold).Matthew Arnold was not trying to use crafty words to seduce a woman into bed with him, he was begging for a light of hope to beacon from this Dover Beach that seems to have lost its own light through the struggles, doubts and despair of others. Through these different poets and writers, people can get a clearer understanding of what it meant to live in various time periods, and the struggles and achievements that they went through and relate it to their poems and writings.Robert Frost, William Shakespeare, and Matthew Arnold affected the literary world through their writings and influenced others to express their lives through the art of poetry and other literature. As their works continue to live on, people will continue to be influenced by both their lives and poetry and hopefully shape their perception on life based on both their individual experiences, and the experiences expressed through these writers. Works Cited Academy of American Poets, 1997-2013. Web. 09 Feb. 201 3. Alba, Brandy. â€Å"Dover Beach† Lecture. Concordia University Texas. 30 Jan. 013. Lecture. Alba, Brandy. â€Å"Sonnet 116† Lecture. Concordia University Texas. 25 Jan. 2013. Lecture. Alba, Brandy. â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† Lecture. Concordia University Texas. 01 Feb. 2013. Lecture. Arnold, Matthew. â€Å"Dover Beach†. The Victorian Web, 2002. Web. 10 Feb. 2013 Frost, Robert. â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening†. The Random House Book of Poetry,1983. Poetry Foundation 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. Rahn, Josh. The Literature Network. Jalic Inc. , 2011. Web. 09 Feb. 2013. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Sonnet 116†. Amanda Mabillard, 1999-2010. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.

A paper study evaluation

The main message of the paper is directed at providing enough background and research to the process of identifying user needs and to enable one to understand the various importance of collecting user needs. Requirements collection forms an essential step in system development and is one of the primary stages which need to be fulfilled well for further successful development of the system.Unless this stage is performed well and requirements are captured entirely the system would be half- built and it would not correspond to the details of the business operations entirely.2. Why this message is seen as important and worthy of research?Answer: It is quite important to identify the user’s mind and to devise the better methods for research and development. The composition of user’s reactions, their various perceptions towards cost, effort and time is very crucial to be understood so that they can be capitalized upon.The various messages would impart better formulation of th e various strategies required for fetching the requirements of the users. The composition of the primary understanding of the subject, its importance and learning the various natures would enable better communication and pave the way to smoother communication.3. What issues are addressed within the main message?Answer: The issues that are addressed in the main passage would be to understand the user problems and to capture the various mechanisms to get the job done at its best.The first message is aimed at knowing the crucial aspects of an user’s mind and their objectives which they would target. Knowing the right pattern and benefit would largely assist the development team to shape their technique for requirements gathering.The second message is towards the understanding the right tool for collection of the requirements. It largely presents the factor for the right selection of the appropriate methodology for benefit and would enable greater integration of user choices and methodology.The third message is to announce the right method for collection of requirements and its successful classification for which the system can be built around successfully. The various requirements for enabling the classification would result in knowing the user minds and acknowledging the right way for gaining the advantage of the proposed system.4. How these issues are treated/researched?Answer: The issues are placed into the research domain for getting the elaborate discussion of the facts and thus a set of questionnaires are devised for answering the issues for the paper. The composition of the various strategies result into visual set of instances through which the communication would be further smooth and understandable.The data flow diagrams and process models enriched the issues further and the very basis for making the right judgments would be at ease. The various models suggested in the research has taken effective care of the user’s understanding process a nd facilitated the right manner of fetching the requirements for its detail. The proper classification would enable right judgment of the issues and enable better modeling the framework.5. What are the major findings of the paper?Answer: The major finding is divided into large scale classified programs. The major achievement is divided into modules and user details are framed into it. The composition of the varied factors has evolved the IBIS model and the observance of a methodology to match the requirements of the enterprise.The methodologies form the large part of discussion and enable one to detail various forms of justice to match the standards. The rightful methods for getting the insight of the various strategies exercised would satisfy requirements stated.6. What is your own assessment of the findings of the paper?Answer: The assessment lies in the depth of the major challenges laid down and to make the most of the methodologies and models proposed. The models proposed for s uccessful capturing of the user requirements are yet to be tested in real life and thus cannot be predicted for its success for sure.The risk factors and the collaboration of ideas would fetch right direction for the right tapping of the user’s requirements and the dynamic nature of the changing user’s views and collaboration. The primary issue is to understand the situation and the various challenges posed by the situation. The analysis of the clients atmosphere and the risk factors for inappropriate information collection methodology is of large importance. The variety of options and the selection of the right factor would enable correct decision making for the enterprise.The cultural issues at this point must be highlighted well and must be taken into account for better understanding of the issues. The problems related to obtaining information and collection of user requirements is a major challenge. The different methods for doing work might not be understood by pe ople and would instill problems if not corrected well. The cultural issues required to be dealt well for fetching the appropriate set of user requirements and to make sure that it is taken care well.The models highlighted in the paper are not sought after and wishfully does not envelope the major emotional factors for data collection and tapping the right set of requirements. The various psychological factors are not taken into picture and are not surveyed for fetching the birds view of the process.7. Relate this assessment to some case studies or applications in the real world which you are aware of, i.e. substantiate your assessment with examplesAnswer:   The assessment can be dealt with a case study of a company where the best technique to collect requirements for their â€Å"Employee leave tracking system†. Techniques like interviewing, questionnaire, past documents and other such ways of dealing with the final collection of user requirements. The SWOT analysis of the m ethods was researched and ultimately the interviewing methods for requirements collection are established for better research and study.In our Employee leave tracking system, the interviewing method would be of great use for collecting the requirements as the diversification would be quite less. The person giving information may not cater to all departments, as leave is an organizational issue and can be addressed by the HR manager alone. All the queries regarding system requirements would be met by one person alone handling the employee leave tracking system that is the Human Resources department.

drinking essays

drinking essays In 1997, the nation was shaken by the death of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) student, Scott Krueger. Krueger, a freshman, has died from alcohol poisoning with his blood-alcohol level was at five times the legal limit in Massachusetts. Reports from his fraternity brothers showed that he had multiple drinks in a short period of time otherwise known as binge drinking. (Kellogg) This particular situation, along with incidents from other different colleges and universities, has urged a national discussion about college alcohol abuse and to be more specific binge drinking. The Journal of the American Medical Association has done a study that demonstrated how frequent binge drinkers have a much higher occurrence of problems than even those who occasionally binge and much greater rate than those who drink fairly moderately. (Buddy T) According to Primary Influence, frequent binge drinkers at college were 22 times more likely than non-binge drinkers to have problems, such as m issed classes, falling behind in school work, drinking and driving, and engaging in unplanned sexual activity. (Primary Influence) But the question is, who and what exactly is a binge drinker? Binge drinking is defined as the usage of four or more drinks for women, and five or more drinks for men in two hour setting. This is the estimated amount of alcohol needed to increase the standard sized persons blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to about 0.10%, which is the amount of alcohol consumption that would raise the presumption of intoxication. (College Binge Drinking) The profile of binge drinkers are hard to categorize, but however, there are several factors that can predict which students are most likely to be binge drinkers. The most important factor is if the student were binge drinkers back in high school, because they are almost three times more likely to be binge drinkers in college. The other predictors are included in the following: R ...

Unwind Teen Book Review

Unwind Teen Book Review Unwind is a dystopian thriller by Neal Shusterman that follows three teens on the run from a government that believes â€Å"unwinding,† or body harvesting, is an alternate solution to abortions and unwanted teens. Unwinding is also a choice for extremely religious families who want to tithe one of their teens. Although controversial in topic, this disturbing novel inspires deep thought about organ donation, abortion, and one’s personal right to make decisions regarding his or her body. This book is recommended for mature teens. Story Overview After America’s Second Civil War between the pro-life and pro-choice factions, a compromise was reached and called The Bill of Life. In this bill, any teens between the ages of 13-18 who are troublemakers, a ward of the state, or a tithe could be â€Å"unwound†. In other words, their bodies could be harvested for organ donation in order to give others the opportunity for a better quality of life. To be unwound was to continue â€Å"living† through another human being. Connor, Risa, and Lev are three teens who are scheduled to be â€Å"unwound†. Connor is seventeen and according to his parents a troublemaker. Risa is sixteen, a talented pianist and a ward of the state, but she isnt talented enough for them to keep her alive. Lev is thirteen and the tenth child of a religious family. He is proud to be a Tithe until an opportunity to run away is presented and his church pastor tells him to run. Through unusual circumstances, the three teens find one another, but Connor and Risa are separated from Lev and are taken to the Graveyard, a hiding place for teens on the run. Eventually, all three are captured by the police and are escorted to the Happy Jack Harvest Camp. Now their goal is to find a way to escape and survive until they turn eighteen. Eighteen is the magic number, and if a teen on the run can survive until that golden age, he or she will no longer be a target for unwinding. Author Neal Shusterman Neal Shusterman is an award-winning author who has been writing books and screenplays for more than twenty-five years. When asked about his purpose in writing Unwind Shusterman responded, â€Å"Unwind intentionally does not take a side on any issue. My point was to point out the fact that there are two sides on all of these gray-area issues, and that’s part of the problem. You have to look at it from a different perspective.† For more information about the author and his writing career, read Spotlight on Neal Shusterman. The Unwind Dystology Unwind is Book One in the Unwind Dystology. The complete Unwind Dystology includes the books Unwind, UnWholly, UnSouled and UnDivided. All the books are available in hardcover, paperback, e-book, and audio editions. Review and Recommendation Unwind is a classic study on the value of human life and personal choice. Who owns our bodies? Does the government have the right to determine whose life is more valuable over another? Although the storyline seems  extreme, it is not unlike other classic novels such as 1984 and A Brave New World where the individual, in this case, teens, become subordinate to the state. However, in this story, the three teens are determined to fight back. Without a doubt, Unwind is a disturbing read, but it is a thinking read. Questions about personal rights, especially teen rights, government power, and the sanctity of life flow through your mind as you read. Reading this book puts a new spin on organ donation and gives readers the opportunity to wrestle with difficult topics and think about their personal convictions on emotionally charged subjects. The publisher recommends this book for ages 13 and up. (Simon and Schuster, 2009. ISBN: 9781416912057) Source â€Å"Interview with Author Neal Shusterman.† YA Highway.

Comte and Durkheim Concern with Social Order Essay - 1

Comte and Durkheim Concern with Social Order - Essay Example They are the pillars of comte’s study to bring social stability. They are the two aspects of a theory and correlative to each other. Dynamics (process of evolution) can only be occur in society when the society in stable or equilibrium (static) phase. Comte does not place individual as the base of society. According to his studies, base of a society is family. Families become tribes and tribe nations or all other elements of society build upon family element. Family makes a man adoptable to the society he lives and responsible and a functioning member of his surroundings. He says binding forces and key factors for the stability of society are language, division of labor and religion. Without knowing language, you won’t be able to communicate and share knowledge to each other and in society. Religion binds and stabilizes the society by some common beliefs. He says religion acts as positive guide. And division of labor keeps the chain intact in society on the basis of sim ilarity of class (Comte & Lenzer, 1998). The relation and interaction of family element with the rest of society explains Comte’s theory of labor division. They are correlative and interdependent to each other it helps in holding together the social structure firmly. His studies states that everyone has his own roles to play in a society such as husband is dependant upon his wife for his needs and it binds them together in a society. Division of labor explains and creates interdependency and social control. According to his law, human brain, communities and world history has gone through a process through three phases for its evolution and development. The theological stage is consumed by a search for the necessary things of life, and people used to believe that all the things have been created by god and supernatural forces. According to Comte, positivism can overcome and replace the negativism.

Lecture Summaries #2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lecture Summaries #2 - Coursework Example Some tribes disputed the Euro-Americans settlement. The United States government later made agreements with Indian leaders for their communities to reside in reserves. However, many Americans did not stay true to this agreement. The Federal Indian Policy saved land for Indians to settle on. The policy also entailed the signing of new agreements that controlled how Indians lived and exploited this reserve land. Conflicts between plains Indians and Euro-American colonists included neglect of signed agreements, lack of enforcement of the Federal Indian Policy by American agents, and refusal of some Indians to relocate to reserves. Violence between Plains Indians and Euro-American colonists broke out in the early 1860s with the army frequently attacking nonviolent Indians. In the process, two massacres ensued in 1864 and 1890. In 1887, the Dawes Severalty Act was passed to perceive of Indians as individuals and make them conform to the United States law. The Dawes Severalty Act was problematic in the sense that a lot of the land put up for sale was unsuitable for farming. In addition, allocating land was an extremely delayed process. As a result, the government came up with new settlements, boundaries, and provinces that saw a radical rise in population in the west. Linked themes in the expansion of west and its railways include the Homestead Act and removal of Indian tribes. Terms of this expansion included the calibration and merging of landowners. These processes included surveys and issuing of land grants as gifts. However, a majority of these processes were fraudulent because they were carried out with the Indians and Americans had the upper hand. Railways were crucial for expanding the west and introducing new governments, farming, and cattle rearing. Railways added to the deterioration of the traditional Indian livelihood. Railways also backed the expansion of municipalities and

Finance International Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance International Expansion - Essay Example Major differences exist in the economic, political, socio-cultural, technology, competitive and financial environments of different countries. These need to be taken into account in planning the overseas expansion. Expansion decision has to be made after proper consideration of all strategic and operational issues arising from within international milleu. Decisions need to be made concerning a wider range of both Strategic and Operational Issues. Key Strategic Issues that need to be addressed include assessing our company's readiness to internationalise which includes the suitability of your product or service for overseas markets and the extent of local adaptation required; choosing the most attractive foreign market(s) and the best entry strategy to adopt; international pricing, distribution and promotion strategies; organising and controlling our overseas activities. Operational issues include export paperwork and documentation; legal and financial issues; finding and managing overseas partners and so on and are ultimately transferrable into financial and legal consultancy fees and travel expenses. Whether the company intend operating through agents/distributors or establish its own overseas sales subsidiary, the burden of control-related activities and costs is heavier than at home making it much more difficult to monitor and control overseas activities. There are significant financial risks associated with doing business abroad, including the risk of higher indebtness, risk of not getting paid at all and currency fluctuations-related risks. Further, when going international we will need to be sensitive and empathetic to the local political and cultural environments of different countries. That entails higher management and consultancy costs and will unltimately produce to elevation of cross-cultural and political analysis to the level of decision making tool. The competitive environment may be quite different from what we are used to at home. In whole, as a consequence of the above, international marketing is more costly and time consuming than domestic marketing and you will need to take a long-term view to achieve sustained profitability. The Barriers US Computer Systems companies, especially medium sized enterprises, face a number of barriers or obstacles when going international. These may include: Psychological Barriers including lack of international/global orientation; short-termism; product or technology rather than customer led 'mindset'; lack of commitment to international markets; exporting seen as 'too risky', 'not for us' or 'too much trouble'; the 'fear factor'. Organisational Barriers including limited resources (financial and managerial); lack of knowledge of foreign markets; lack of international experience; lack of formal training in international marketing; problems in finding suitable overseas partners; ability to compete away from home. Operational Barriers relating to export documentation and paperwork; language problems; payment delays and risks etc. Product/Market Barriers in the sense of overseas market demand particularities, i.e. that product or service may not be suitable for overseas markets without major and costly adaptation; the product or service may not have a unique competitive advantage abroad; further, problems in

Silk route Essay Example for Free

Silk route Essay In recent years, both the maritime and overland Silk Routes are again being used, often closely following the ancient routes. The Silk Routes (collectively known as the Silk Road) were important paths for cultural, commercial and technological exchange between traders, merchants, pilgrims, missionaries, soldiers, nomads and urban dwellers from Ancient China, Ancient India, Ancient Tibet, Persia and Mediterranean countries for almost 3,000 ears. Extending 4,000 miles, the routes enabled people to transport goods, especially luxuries such as slaves, silk, satin and other fine fabrics, musk, other perfumes, spices, medicines, Jewels, glassware and even rhubarb, as well as serving as a conduit for the spread of knowledge, ideas, cultures and diseases between different parts of the world (Ancient China, Ancient India, Asia Minor and the Mediterranean). Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor In the development of the great clvlllzatlons of China, India, Egypt, Persia, Arabia and Rome, and In several respects elped lay the foundations for the modern world. Although the term the Silk Road implies a continuous Journey, very few who traveled the route traversed it from end to end. For the most part, goods were transported by a series of agents on varying routes and were traded in the bustling mercantile markets of the oasis towns For More Into, Please see tnese llnKs 1 . http://library. thinkquest. org/13406/sr/ 2. http://www. spongobongo. com/zy9985. htm 3. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Silk_Road Silk Road The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and he Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by Ferdinand von Richthofen, an eminent German geographer. Xian Terracotta Warriors Culture: The road is not only an ancient international trade route, but also a splendid cultural bridge liking the cultures of China, India, Persia, Arabia, Greek and Rome. The Four Great Inventions of China and religions of the West were introduced into their counterparts. History: From the time Zhang Qian opened up the world-famous Silk Road during he Han Dynasty, until the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, it enjoyed a history of about 1 ,600 years. Route: This ancient road begins at Changan (now Xian), then by way of the Hexi Corridor, and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route, Central Route and Northern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome. Other roads: In fact, besides the Silk Road in the northwest of China, there are another two trade roads in the southwest of China and by sea, which also ontributed greatly to the development of the world. They are called the Southern Silk Road and the Silk Road on the Sea. Crescent Lake, Dunhuang, Gansu Scenery along the Road: The scenery and sights along the Silk Road are spectacular and intriguing. There are well-known Mogao Caves (Mogao Grottoes) in Dunhuang, the bustling Sunday Bazaar in Kashgar and exotic customs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and more Silk Road Adventure: There are all kinds of tour plans for traveling the world-famous road. TravelChinaGuide provides many tour lines for visitors to experience the adventures of this ancient trade road. Recommenaea lours: Classical Silkroad Tour: 14 Days Beijing Urumqi Kashgar Urumqi Turpan Dunhuang Xian Shanghai In-depth Adventure: 22 Days Beijing Urumqi Korla Kuqa Aksu Kashgar Hettan Minfeng Korla Turpan Dunhuang Xian Shanghai More Silk Road Tours Tips: It is necessary for tourists be aware of some travel essentials when they are on the road, such as weather, food, drink, accommodation, transportation and customs of minorities. Here provides detailed information about them. Pictures: The pictures show the stunning scenery of this time-honored trade route.

Austens Manipulation of the Readers Emotions Towards Characters in Pr

Austen's Manipulation of the Reader's Emotions Towards Characters in Pride and Prejudice In her novels, Jane Austen employs the timelessly effective characterization agents of dialogue, action, and point of view to cleverly manipulate the reader’s emotions towards the characters. Austen successfully creates heroins in a time that it was not social acceptable to think of women in a heroic role. She is so successful in applying these characterization techniques in her story lines that she molds a positive feeling towards strong females without the reader even realizing the influence the author’s agents have had, at the same time creating a very entertaining story. In Pride and Prejudice as well as Mansfield Park for example, Jane Austen creates characters who are some of the finest products of strong and intelligent women, yet do not loose their femininity, of our civilization. She accomplishes this feat by using the dialogue and action of the characters to manipulate the reader’s feelings towards these women. Austen also uses irony, satire and humor in all of her novels to show how ridiculous conventional Victorian country life was. She had a plethera of social commentary to make, and although women in her time period were conventionally outspoken, she used her novels as a means to show women could be intelligent, humorous, and strong without loosing their femininity. Jane Austen was a child of the Enlightenment, an age when reason was valued while many romantic traditions were slowly coming to light in society. As one of the educated and intelligent women emerging from this era, Austen used the character of Elizabeth Bennet, in Pride and Prejudice, to epitomize the harmonious balance between reason and... ...he more valuable when contrasted with that of Kitty and Lydia, where Lydia simply encourages Kitty in foolishness and is insensitive to her when she is upset. Her high spirits,which can be construed as flirtatious, also attract Darcy to her, as illustrated by her demand that he help to sustain a conversation between them when they dance together at the Netherfield ball. Her character is in no way unfeminine, and it is no wonder that Darcy is attracted to her after he comes to know and understand her. From this, we can see that Austen has managed to create her ideal woman in Elizabeth. Her strength and intelligence are qualities that make her respectable and admirable to any man or woman, but the fact that she possesses a softer, feminine side makes her genuinely attractive in the eyes of the reader, and helps us to better appreciate her other qualities.