Cable Modem Access :: essays research papers fc

Cable Internet The Internet has been around for over 40 years and despite technological advances in recreate, people still complain that its too slow. How can people get their favorite songs or visit their favorite sites forwards dinner is over? This paper will discuss whiz option, crinkle internet access.Until now internet the public had to access the WWW through slow phone lines, connecting anywhere from 300 bps in the babyhood of public access to 56k. But now there are several high-speed alternatives to the old phone line, one being the tune modem. Using your cable TV provider as your ISP, people can access the Internet at speeds up to 27 Mbps, but limitations with hardware limit this to about 2Mbps (www.TechTarget.com). This speed is fine for most users. It is also always on. Meaning you do non have to dial-up to your ISP. It is similar to a LAN connection. This hasnt been done before mainly because when cable TV companies were being formed, the networks were only being se t up to send data and not to receive it. The remedy for this was to upgrade the networks not only to be able to receive information, but to handle the larger amount of bandwidth (www.Vicomsoft.com). The way cable internet access is possible is my using a standard cable TV coax line as the medium and a cable modem to connect the computer to the Internet. The cable TV provider has a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) that then goes through the coax line to the home. The coax line is then connected to a splitter, with one line breathing out to the television or set-top box, and the other to the cable modem (www.Techtarget.com). The cable modem then is connected to a PC via a Cat 3 or 5 cable to a network card. Some modems can also be connected via the USB or FireWire port. The type of modem a person needs depends on the standard the provider is using. One may be using the Multimedia Cable Network Systems (MCNS)/ Data over Cable Systems Interface Specification (DOCSIS) standard, and the IEEE 802.14 standard. The faster, bandwidth efficient, better performing, and more productive choice is the MCNS DOCSIS standard (www.Vicomsoft.com). Because this is the standard, most manufacturers have developed their modems to work with it, though some manufacturers have based theirs off of the IEEE 802.14 standard.

Organizational Behavior and Its Importance to a Company Essay -- Organ

Organizational demeanor and Its Importance to a Company What is organisational behavior and why is it important for a company to understand it? There are several crucial reasons why companies should utilize the concepts of organizational behavior, as sanitary as understand the key hurt that are associated with organizational behavior. To understand and utilize organizational behavior there are several key terms that must also be understood, for example organizational culture, diversity, communication, organizational effectiveness and efficiency, organizational learning. Intracorp, a bill inspection company, has the potential to be more cost-effective and employees could possibly be more eager to meet intended goals. Definition of Organization Behavior Organizational behavior is defined as Organizational Behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations (Clark, 1998). Being able to understand how individuals act within the organization gives management the tools needed to groom an effective leadership guide (Clark, 1998). Should management try and implement a way of leadership that most of the employees are not familiar with will all lead to conflict. It is important that management develop and interpersonal relationship and understand their employees goals should they want the most out of their employees. Intracorp could be one of the leading bill review companies should they have happy and willing emp...

Australian Vocational Education and Training Essay -- Australian Educa

This essay discusses on the Australian vocational education and training ( old-timer) as a formal learning system that is intended for out-of- shoal youth who are past secondary education. It explores the drivers that shape the economic, social and political contexts in which VET was established like human capital theory, changing nature of work, globalisation, lifelong learning and the learning society. The paper analyses and evaluates the VET strands and mode of delivery and argues that VET is a good channel for out-of-school youth to be mainstreamed to the job industry but the mode of delivery is not sustainable. The experiences of VET practitioners interviewed and the researches on disengaged learners and reasons of archeozoic leavers were used to support the argument. It also explains the impact of VET had on my institution and the implication on my teaching practice using the concepts of reflexive modernisation, globalisation and lifelong learning. The formal education system in the Australia is divided into three levels (i) basic education which is handled by the Department of Education (DepEd), (ii) technical/vocational which is handled by skillful Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and (iii) higher education which is handled by Commission on Higher Education (CHED). In addition, there is a preschool level and a non-formal component that provides basic literacy and livelihood skills to out-of-school youth and adults who have either not attended school at all or who dropped out of school early. Basic education, which usually starts at age six, is divided into 7 years of primary schooling and 5 years of secondary schooling. TESDA provides pre-employment preparation in middle-level technician and craft skills. At the... ...ok of readings. And, this time I made use of NCVER which is indeed a very good resource for teachers of adult education. Lastly, I conferred with my mentor as regards to this assignment because she is directly invol ve with VET and interviewed VET practitioners for me. The part of my assignment I consider the weakest would be the implications of VET in my teaching practice because I know I need to substantiate my explanation on the identified implication however perhaps because I am not directly involved with VET I cannot really reflect on how I should view my teaching practice. On the other hand, the part of my assignment that I consider the strongest are the three arguments I discussed against VET mode of delivery because I was able to back up my arguments with researches, concepts and experiences of VET practitioners to stress my point.

History Of The Jet Engine :: Aviation Engines

Evolution of the Jet Engine Thought the course of time man has constantly sought to better both himself and creation through creation and invention. From the archetypical time a caveman rubbed two sticks together and discovered fire to the design and development of the Saturn 5 rocket which propelled by that same fire carried man from the earth to the moon. One can argue over whether on not this invention or that was the greatest. I intend to charge my attention on evolution of just one of those technologies the jet engine, and show the importance of its impact in our world.In the early 1920s, new technology was universe developed to enable aircraft to fly higher and faster. This early development of aircraft technology was hindered by the depression until World War II pulled the United States out of economic hardship. Jet engine design has been critical in keeping aircraft in line with other countries developing technology. All over the world, countries were racing to be th e first with a jet engine powered aircraft. During World War II the quest for air superiority resulted in the need for better, faster aircraft. As a result, the jet engine was created. A simple jet engine can be described as a device that compresses large amounts of high speeding air which mixes with fuel, ignites, and then is propelled out the aft end of the aircraft. Able to keep itself going once started, the jet engine is truly a marvel of the 20th century.Two people are credited with this wonderful invention Dr. Hans von Ohain (German) and Sir Frank Whittle (British). Ohain actually created the first engine while Whittle was the first to germinate a patent in 1930. However, Ohains jet was the first to fly in 1939, while Whittle was able to get his in the air in 1941. Ohains jet engine was tested in a lab in Sep. 1937 and first tested on a plane developed by Ernst Heinkel the Heinkel He178 on Aug. 27th, 1939. The Firm, Power Jets Ltd., got a contract for Whittles eng ine, the W1, July 7th, 1939. The Maiden flight was on May 15th, 1941 with pilot Lieutenant P. E. G. Sayer flying the craft, the Gloster E28/39. The craft flew at roughly 400 mph and the engine produced 1000lbs.

The Egyptian Process of Mummification Essay -- Ancient Egypt Egyptian

The Egyptian Process of Mummification In ancient Egyptian society, preserving a body afterwards death was animportant process necessary for entrance into an immortal existence.According to Egyptian belief the soul did not die. The soul would take theform of a bird usually a falcon and fly around in the world of the livingreturning later its dead body. The importance of preserving the body go around around the idea that the roaming soul would be able to recognizethe right body and return to it. As a moderate of this theology, Egyptiansdeveloped an effective carcass of embalming. The Egyptian embalming process was a significant and complicatedprocess performed by priests. Employing a crooked piece of iron the brainwould be removed finished the nostrils. A sharp stone was used to cut openthe body and extract the intestines. Palm wine and spices were used topurify the intestines. The chest and stomach areas would be filled withmyrrh, cinnamon, and other herbs. The body would be sewn up and immersedin natron for seventy days. After the seventy days the body would bewashed and clothed in linen from head to foot bound by a gum like substance. Upon completion of this procedure the body would now be energetic for burial. Egyptians used other methods of embalment. One method attributed to thelower class was to bury the body in the desert sand for a lengthy period oftime. The result of this method dried the skin of the body into a leatheryshell. Arab historian Abdel el Latif discovered on one of his expeditionsa rather unorthodox method of embalment. Latif and his team came across ajar filled with honey. During a lunch break Latif and his party indulgedin the jar of honey until hair... ...ns were stuffed into theears of the mummies and along the bandages although the significance ofthis is heretofore unknown. The modern examination of mummies has enabled us to ascertain variousfacts about everyday Egyptian life. The mummy of Maat-ka-re a virginpriestess had for thousands of years been thought to have been mummifiedwith a child. Using X- ray technology the child turned out to be amummified baboon, one of her favourite pets. Examination of mummiesrevealed that Egyptians were quite short. A considerable inwardness of infantdiseases are evident in children mummies. The life expectancy according tothe mummies was around forty. Average Egyptians encountered several dentaland health obstacles. Spinal arthritis was common as were typhoid andbrucellosis. Mummies serve as a tribute to ancient Egyptian society andtheir technology.

The Egyptian Process of Mummification Essay -- Ancient Egypt Egyptian

The Egyptian Process of Mummification In ancient Egyptian society, preserving a body after death was an alpha turn necessary for entrance into an immortal existence.According to Egyptian belief the soul did not die. The soul would take theform of a bird normally a falcon and fly around in the world of the livingreturning later its dead body. The importance of preserving the bodyrevolved around the imagination that the roaming soul would be able to recognizethe right body and return to it. As a result of this theology, Egyptiansdeveloped an effective system of embalming. The Egyptian embalming process was a significant and complicatedprocess performed by priests. Employing a crooked piece of iron the brainwould be removed through the nostrils. A acute stone was used to cut openthe body and extract the intestines. Palm wine and spices were used topurify the intestines. The chest and stomach aras would be filled withmyrrh, cinnamon, and early(a) herbs. The body would be sewn up and immersedin natron for seventy days. After the seventy days the body would bewashed and wrapped in linen from head to foot bound by a gum like substance. Upon completion of this procedure the body would now be ready for burial. Egyptians used new(prenominal) methods of embalment. One method attributed to thelower class was to bury the body in the desert sand for a lengthy period oftime. The result of this method dehydrated the skin of the body into a leatheryshell. Arab historian Abdel el Latif discovered on one of his expeditionsa rather unorthodox method of embalment. Latif and his team came crossways ajar filled with honey. During a lunch break Latif and his party indulgedin the jar of honey until hair... ...ns were stuffed into theears of the mummies and along the bandages although the significance ofthis is still unknown. The modern scrutiny of mummies has enabled us to ascertain variousfacts about everyday Egyptian life. The mummy of Maat-ka-re a virginpriestess had for thousands of years been thought to have been mummifiedwith a child. Using X- ray technology the child turned out to be amummified baboon, one of her favourite pets. Examination of mummiesrevealed that Egyptians were quite short. A considerable amount of infantdiseases are evident in children mummies. The life expectancy according tothe mummies was around forty. Average Egyptians encountered several dentaland health obstacles. Spinal arthritis was common as were typhoid andbrucellosis. Mummies action as a tribute to ancient Egyptian society andtheir technology.

Choosing the Right Cell Phone Essay

Consumer Reports assert jail cell ph atomic number 53(a)s are evolving to allow faster texting, Web surfing, GPS navigation, and social networking while keeping up with their day job go calling (Consumer Reports, n.d.). When walking out the door this morning the average person picked up three things a wallet or purse, their car keys, and their cell ph hotshot. The cell ph champion, though often taken for granted has become a form of life support to many. Before just rushing out to acquire the latest and greatest here is what consumers should know before purchasing their next cell forebode.Take the time to prepare and review before going out to purchase a anticipate. Many often take the word of a salesman they do not even know to decide what is best for them or let a commercial convince them of what device and usefulness they should choose. Picking the wrong cell phone and plan can make up a large amount of money. E genuinelyone has probably made a purchase, and thus gotten their next bill to find they were totally surprised.To begin the search for the perfect cell phone one should start with what character reference of phone he or she is looking for. Would a non-flip (candy bar style phone) or a traditional flip phone (clam shell) better suite their ask? Flip phones had been the choice for most throughout the years but candy bar phones are making a come back with touch screens such(prenominal) as Droids and iPhones. If the phone will be spending a lot of time in ones purse or pocket, one may indispensability to postulate a flip phone to avoid unnecessarily scratching the screen and random dialing. If one is looking for a PDA and profusey functional QWERTY computer keyboard then a candy bar phone would be the best choice. One should also decide if he or she prefers a touch screen, a standard keyboard, or a QWERTY keyboard when making the finish on they style of phone that is best for them.After decision making the style of phone next one should analyze what technology they need in a phone. Do they need text, Internet, e-mail, GPS navigation, walkie-talkie, apps, international service, or just voice calling? There are so many options and possibilities that can make one feel overwhelmed during this process. This can be avoided by doing the proper research ahead of time. The fast pace of today makes e-mail on the go a necessity for most. If needing e-mail one should not pick a phone that is not Internet ready, and may want to consider a full QWERTY keyboard for faster composing of e-mails. Another feature available is walkie-talkie if this is something that was of interest he or she would want to make received that is a feature the phone offers.The majority of phones can call out internationally, but if one needs to use the phone abroad he or she would want to check to make sure the phone is world compatible. If voice calling is all one needs it does not make much sense to spoil a phone with all the extra bells and whistl es. If apps are needed, one might choose an Android or an iPhone because these phones offer the largest selection of apps available. In figure 1.A, found on the latest and greatest technology out today, here is a list of the top three mobile phones. All three of these phones have full access to the Android Market, and are the same in price with a qualified upgrade or new customer pricing.Now that one has contumacious on the style of phone and what features are needed he or she will make one of the most important decisions in this process. Before deciding on a specific phone one must choose a network. In the past it was easier to choose a network/provider because solitary(prenominal) one company generally covered a certain area. Providers now have nation-wide networks, and the major companies Sprint, AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon cover almost all areas making this decision a challenging one. When choosing the right service one should take advantage of the 30-day trial offers that mos t providers offer to new customers. With taking advantage of the trial one can use the phone in areas he or she would normally be in to make sure service is sufficient.This gives them the ability to make sure it will work in their home, office and see if there are any dead spots in their area. This will allow them to determine if this service provider will be beneficial for their needs before being held to a two and with some providers a three-year commitment. The 30-day trial also pertains to equipment, so if one is not happy with the phone he or she can take it back and try a different model. Say if they thought they could access Facebook, then during the trial realized the phone they have did not support web it could be exchanged. Perhaps if camera was a big factor on deciding their phone, but when they take envisages they come out fuzzy and not clear the 30-day trial gives them the freedom to change their mind.Once all these decisions have been made one must then choose his or her calling plan. When choosing a phone plan there are many factors to consider. How many minutes are very important. Chicago Tribune states to figure how much talk time you will need, count the minutes you spend on your current phone in a typic month, then add 25 percent to 50 percent as a buffer to avoid hefty overage fees (Choosing the right cell, 2007). Cell phone providers offer additional services for a set monthly cost. Without the correct information and consideration of what he or she may be using the phone for one could pay a per use fee for additional features he or she failed to have added.If text messaging is something that maybe used, it is far more cost effective to pay $15 per month rather than $.20 per single text. With data there is also a pay per use charge of $.03 per kilobyte or a monthly data package ranging from $15 to $30. A data package is something that will be needed if one wants to use email, social networking, picture services, apps, and GPS navigation from the phone. Figure 2.A is a chart of some of the main things people are doing on their mobile phones. If the consumer plans to be using any of these features he or she would want to make sure they have the correct plan and features to avoid high bills.

Reaction to Wendell Berry’s Out of Your Car, Off Your Horse Essay

While Wendell Berrys essay is certainly thought-provoking, it was to a certain floor frustrating to read for me because I perceived it as a perfect example of good environmentalist intentions and a legitimate desire of finding alternatives to our unsustainable ashes which ultimately lead to an oversimplified and irrational utopian vision to be realized by pursuing just one path which shows esoteric traits.Berrys idol is localism.Surely, local economic structures are vital to environmentalist efforts if they in truth help to reduce for example the Carbon footprint because fuel for transportation is saved. On the other hand, if consequently carried out, this strategy will backfire. Local farming will be more diverse but it certainly wont be more productive. In a free, global market, farmers, if they have access to the necessary knowledge and equipment, will grow the food that is best suited to their soil and climate, thereby maximizing productivity and getting out more food on less s pace for less energy.This effect can and often does weigh heavier than unequal transportation, especially if this transportation is also carried out only on a down in the mouth scale, leading to many small trucks delivering small amounts of food to countless small organic shops which do a good job on selling an ecologically peaceful mind but very poorly on actually saving the environment. Large scales might not fit to our romantic social ideals but more often than not, they are ecologically efficient More importantly, the unbelief What will this do to our community is not the only important one.If this were true, then some people in Northern Siberia should probably start burning their fossil fuels like crazy. After all, they are often available in their neighborhood and global warming would certainly benefit their agricultural returns while their colleagues a some hundred miles South will suffer from extreme dearth. No, mutual dependency and its consequence, thinking globally, are a huge step forward, if it is flanked by serious good will of local concerns.

Fashion theory -roland barth

Roland Farther and the End of the Nineteenth Century Roland Farther was a French philosopher, linguistic, critic and theorist. He was also the first begins systematically to say finished the intellectual changes in the sphere of elbow room and dress. His expressive style theory has a close relationship to his structuralism and linguistic knowledge, and specify fashion, clothes their origins and functions within the system. prime(prenominal) of all, Farther saw fashion as a solely system. Based on the article, system has been defined as a group or rophy of related materials or immaterial things forming a unity or complex whole.Fashion as a sort of system, has the features of that parts chiffoniernot be explained without interpreting the relationship to the whole system. Also, fashion is should be explained by other marks in the society too, such as favorable f snatchs, and so on. So, he summarized the thoughts like fashion system is the integrality of social relations an d activities that are required for fashion to come into existence. He pointed out the systematic society relies on structured human activities, and human stinting activities can be divided in three dimensions Production, strutting and consumption.Respectively, he divided garments in three dimensions based on the theory firstly, real garments, which corresponds to the dimension of yield re pass oned garments, corresponds to the dimension of distribution used garments, relates to the dimension of consumption. So, spiffy garments are not belong to the real garments, instead they are representative garments since they are in the body politic of distribution that producers want to ensure that the garments are satisfied the demand of consumers.Followed y the explanation, the chapter focused on the introduction of the three dimensions of garments. Real clothes, which arises to indicate the mood clothing assumes before it is translated into the garment of representation. They do not repr esent anything, so Farther defined the real clothes as an object like a prototype. The represented garments can be separated into image clothing and written clothing, which belongs to two systems system of image and the system of language. He took the example of a fashion magazine that uses each of the two systems to descriptor a cushion garment.He concluded that language is a more powerful system because it more readily renders the corporal substance of the real garment into a set of common, abstract signifier. In addition, image and language has opposite functions. According to Farther, image clothing provides the potential users with a print of the real garment and inflects there traces of real garments in an esthetical direction while language translated the garments into a system of abstract and intellective meaning and it is closer to the spirit of true fashionable garments.In the other word, loathes have more similarities with language than image, because they are two m odels of communication. His thoughts included a lot of philosophies from formal chapters, which discuss clothes by dint of sociology and history. Farther admits that clothing is a social phenomenon and seen as a set of garments that have acquired their present for, because of their past. It is also notable that Farther not agreed with the desire that the origin of clothes is decoration. He thoughts this question should be explained from the aspects of systematic.Farther thoughts was highly structured eased on his field. Also, he emphasized the function of language probably because his study on linguistic. It is interesting that in this article I saw more about his structuralism theories from the example of clothing. Highlights of the Article Farther who first begins systematically to think through the intellectual changes that would eventually amount to a paradigm change in the study of clothes and fashion. Breathers reputation as a fashion thinker rests mainly upon the doctorate that never was, The Fashion System.The books opening section titled Introduction Method is a impressive and lucid demonstration of his methodological approach to the question What is fashion?. System, defined as a group or set of related or associated material or immaterial things forming a unity or complex whole, worldly at the heart of the revolution that swept through French intellectual life sentence after the Second World War and one which has come to be known by the generic term structuralism. System, structure and totality are all closely related terms intended to signify.They (structuralisms) insist that the whole and the parts can be properly explained only in arms of the relations that exist between the parts. The key assumption at work is the idea that any social fact, such as fashion, should not be regarded as something having a singular identity. The central thrust of the idea of system is to carefully sort out the differential components of fashion and then see how the complex network of relationships can Join together these different dimensions into a dynamic whole. Systematic is the process of bringing together different elements into relationships of mutual dependency.The fashion system is the totality of social relations and activities that are required for fashion to come into existence. System, therefore, is a way of conceiving of human existence as something in which a structured collective being precedes, and provides the foundation for, individual being, and this has steadily become a central organizing principle of Western thought. Human do is structured into patterned networks. In order that the necessities of life be secured and so ensure that social life and the life of the individual will continue, humans have to act in an organized, collective manner.Human economic activity came to be en as comprising of three dimensions. Production what ensures that stuff gets made Distribution what ensures that what is made reaches the peop le who affect it Consumption the ways in which what is made is used up. Farther saw the analytical possibilities of extending this model of production, distribution and consumption to social institutions other than economic ones, in particular to dimensions of social life such as art and culture. The first of these distinctions separates clothing into three garments. These he calls the real garment, the represented garment and the used garment.The real garment corresponds to the dimension of production, the represented garment corresponds to the dimension of distribution, while the used garment corresponds to the dimension of consumption. The implication of this is that consumers never encounter the real garment. What they encounter is the fashionable garment, the garment that is already in the realm of representation. Breathers concept of the revised category of the real garment arises to indicate the modality clothing assumes before it is translated into the garment of represent ation.The real garment is something like a prototype that is, the object before it is named. The closing distinction made by Farther is in the central category of represented clothing, which he separates into image-clothing and Written clothing. Language, on the other hand, Farther considers to be a purer, more powerful code for the production of meaning because it more readily renders the physical substance of the real garment into a set of common, abstract signifier. It is clear that image-clothing and written clothing have different functions within representation.Image-clothing provides the potential user with a stencil of the real garment and, at the same time, inflects these traces of the real garment in an aesthetic direction. Material stuff is being turned into language. The garment is being translated into a system of abstract, intellective meanings and it is this final modality of the garment that Farther sees as the true fashionable garment. In other words, clothing is a social phenomenon. By this he meaner the tendency among previous writers to regard not Just clothes, but social life in general, as a collection of individual traits, each with its own evolutionary pathway into the present.Clothing, in this model, is seen as a set of garments that have acquired their present form because of their past. Farther rejects the conclusion that it is decoration which is the chief motive for clothing. The tendency of all bodily covering to insert itself into an organized, formal and normative system, which is recognized by society. If we are set on explaining the origins of clothing, we have to include in that explanation an account of the coming into being of that aspect of the phenomenon that is collective, organized, formal and normative.Clothing seems to resemble language in a number of ways. Like language, clothing was pre-eminently a collective activity. His final move was of a more general nature and this was to categorize clothes as a mode of comm unication. Clothes are always a combination of a specific signifier and a general signified that is international to it (epoch, country, social class). The most influential of Branders methodological advances is his separation of the historical time continuum into three distinct sorts of durations. Clothing does not reflect anything but it may react in its own way to an external disturbance.

Comparison of ‘Bayonet Charge’ and ‘Belfast Confetti’ Essay

some(prenominal) Belfast Confetti and Bayonet Charge present individuals caught up in conflicts. However, the verbalizer in Belfast Confetti is a civilian whereas Bayonet Charge the subject is a spend who has chosen to go to war. Carson is writing about a topic he knows well as he is an Irish poet living during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Hughes is imagining what it must have been like for a soldier in World War One.The speaker in Belfast Confetti is right in the middle of the action Suddenly as the riot squad moved in and is caught up in the streets of Belfast during a bomb scare. He is panicking beca pulmonary tuberculosis he cannot escape the labyrinth of the streets although he knows them very well. Calling the streets a labyrinth is a metaphor which shows the confusion and panic he feels as a labyrinth is something you cannot get out of. Carson uses punctuation as a metaphor for the riot squad itself as they block the streets and stop the speaker escaping blocked with stops and colons. This is effective because punctuation is used to control and give order to a sentence and this is what the riot squad are trying to do in the chaos of the city.Carson also uses punctuation as a metaphor for shrapnel, saying that it is raining exclamation marks which is the metal objects the IRA would pack into their home-brewed bombs. This is effective because exclamation marks look a bit like lethal weapons because they are thin and sharp like a tomahawk. The speaker feels confine not only by the riot itself further he is trapped in the political situation of the time. The two sides were trying to resolve conflict but couldnt find a way to communicate without returning to violence. So Carson using language and punctuation to maintain the conflict is effective. He struggles to communicate I was trying to complete a sentence in my head, but it kept stuttering. This metaphor gets across the sound of gunfire and the speakers struggle to exhibit and communicate th e chaos of the situation. It could even be a metaphor for the Troubles themselves.In the same way as Carson, Hughes lands the reader right in the middle of theaction, opening the poem with Suddenly which creates the same blunt, startled effect that the soldier himself must have felt as he began his bayonet charge. By keeping the soldier anonymous, Hughes makes it seem as if this experience was universal among soldiers who fought in the First World War. He was not a soldier poet himself, unlike Owen, so the powerful images he uses conjure up the energy and physicality and terror the soldier feels. The simile sweating like molten iron from the centre of his chest describes vividly the hotness and intensity of pounding through shot slashed furrows charging at the enemy and facing death. Ironically, any bullet which may kill the soldier would also sign through his flesh but from outside his body, so this molten iron coming from his insides creates an awkward parallel which makes us th ink of the death he is facing.Both poets use enjambed lines, but Carsons poem is more than chaotic and stuttering because of the caesuras in it, whereas Hughess is more fluid. Carson breaks up his lines and has a mixture of short and long lines because they represent the streets being blocked as he tries to get down them. Although Hughes uses caesuras too, the effect is different. Because Carson is using punctuation as a metaphor you notice it more and it is more powerful, whereas in Hughess poem the caesuras make it more narrative. Also, the caesuras in Hughess poem are disguised because the stanzas a re more regular.Neither of the poems use any rhyme. Rhyme can sometimes suggest harmony as the sounds match, but Carson is trying to stress the division in the city and the blunt, aggressive and dotty events. In Hughess poem the lack of rhyme is perhaps because the man has just jumped up and is running in a bewildered way, so again, rhyme would be too neat and ordered to effectivel y convey this chaotic and panicked experience.

Essay on Passion Essay

Well, the saying goes Do what you love and love what you do, but how many of us in truth practice this in our everyday life, as oftentimes as we preach it? In every nook and corner, we feature got a student cursing his school and probably the examinations that come along with it or a teacher complaining about her incorrigible class or a softwargon engineer taking out the frustration over his boss on his computer many more such sightsWe are the Homo sapien sapiens, the most dominant species on Earth (apparently). Why then do we non have dominance over our own happiness, over what we do and what we want to? (And by dominance, I mean controlling and not bossing over something.) What is it that holds us back from pastime our heart? Financial background. Preconceptions and the list is endless. But is that passion of yours not worth giving a shot? If no is your answer, then forget about it it was not your true passion in the first come forth.Some say they are not really passionate about ane particular field or thing. These some can be categorized into two categories, namely the doers and the despisers. The doers are the ones are who enjoy almost everything they do that they cannot put their finger on one as their passion. So, it is highly unlikely that you find a doer, disliking what they do, while the despisers are quite the opposite.They are those who have a complaint against most things around them that they do not see the point in being passionate about anything. The reasons behind such an attitude of theirs could be rooted to their family upbringing, huge disappointments despite a lot of hard work or merely the fact that they are sensitive-perfectionists who possess an utopian vision of the world and hence, hate it when even when the tiniest of things is out of place (by probably a few millimeters, if we were to measure it).At this point, I certainly agree with what the great Lincoln once quoted, Most folks are as happy as they make up their minds to be . The despisers seem to have a problem at every step, at every sight. They, sadly, fail to take in at the brighter side of things. They should be able to come to terms with the fact that nobody and nothing is perfect. Since we are the cause of our own happiness, the onus is upon us as to whether we view the glass half empty or half full or (like the Gujarat Chief Minister) as half filled with water and the rest with air.Now, on re-analyzing the opening quote, I have come to realize what it could also mean In case, you are unable to do what you really love, then start pleasing what you are doing at present. In the process, you end up doing what you love. If youre the engineer, then remind yourself that it is the job that you are more interested in than your boss contemptuous words and hope and pray against all odds that your boss is in a good mood today or that someday you can advance deaf to only his words (the mean ones, not the ones with instructions).If youre the teacher, then you should jolly well know that not all students are alike and have an interest in the subject, and hence, must be cut some slack. And if youre the student then, take yourself down a few years, back to when you were a little, kindergarten kid, and the optimistic expression that you bore whenever the teacher narrated a story. That story was completely new to you yet, you loved to know what happened next. Bring this child back into you the next time you are preparing for an exam.And for this reason, there is still a ray of hope, rather, many rays of hope for those despisers- hope that soon, they will start loving what they do and prove to the world at large, that we truly are the dominant ones. And once you have found your passion (or if you are the passionate-one whos reading this article) then theres one piece of advice I could give you, something that I stumbled upon on the internet- When there is something you really want, fight for it put one overt give up no matter how hopele ss it seems. And when youve lost hope, subscribe yourself in ten years from now youre going to wish you had given it just one more shot because the best things in life, they dont come free So spread your wings, and fly to your heart

Best Practices in Human Capital Development Essay

Human capital refers to the stock of productive skills and technical k promptlyledge embodied in labor. M both early economic theories refer to it simply as labor, one of three factors of production, and consider it to be a fungible imagery homogeneous and easily interchangeable. Other conceptions of labor dispense with these assumptions. Todays Globalization and competition among companies made companies to select the best practices for Human nifty Development.This question contributes to the Best Human detonator Development Practices that are implemented by the companies and continues with in-depth study of its helplessness and Strengths and calculate the production system of measurements of each practice. Accenture Human Capital Development Framework (HCDF) Research from HCI (Human Capital Institute) shows that Human Capital Development Framework is one of the best Human Capital Development practice in the corporate world. The Accenture HCDF uses four distinct measurement tiers in arriving at an assessment of an organizations human capital practices.These tiers reflect the key variables that influence the relationship between a companys human capital assets and its financial performance degree 1, Business results, consists of measures of organizational performance (e. g. , traditional financial analyses featuring EVA TM, receipts growth, market share and stock performance). Tier 2, Key performance becomers, consists of measures of intermediate organizational outcomes (e. g. , productivity, quality, innovation and customer satisfaction) often captured on a balanced scorecard.Tier 3, Human Capital Capabilities, consists of the most immediate and visible mess-related qualities (including employee attitudes and abilities) that are necessary for achieving critical business outcomes. Their influence is felt through key performance drivers. scalawag 2 Tier 4, Human Capital Processes, consists of practices that lead to robust and effective human capital capabilities. Included in this tier are core HR processes (e. g. , competency management and performance appraisal) and broader human capital processes such as learning and companionship management.Strengths Individual Development is focused, Growth Oriented, Human Resource assignment and Performance Appraisal. Weakness Team Management is Absent, Production rates and costly. 360-Degree Performance Management Feedback System As per Research with HR Capital Management and Development, Report, 2007 This musical arrangement, which solicits feedback from seniors (including the boss), peers and subordinates, has been increasingly embraced as the best of all available methods for collecting performance feedback.Gone are the days of working hard to impress only one person, now the opinions of all matter, especially if you are in a leadership role (at any level). Every person in the team is responsible for giving relevant, dogmatic and constructive feedback. Such systems too help in id entifying leaders for higher level positions in the organization. Senior managers could use this feed back for self development. Sony and genus Acer are implementing this HR tool for development of Human Capital. (The Best HR Capital Development Practice, Geetha Sharma 2007)Strengths Motivational, Higher Retention of Employees, Leadership and Higher Production rates. Weakness Misunderstanding and Disputes between executives and Managers. Page 3 Knowledge Sharing Adopt a systematic approach to ensure that knowledge management supports strategy. Store knowledge in databases to provide greater access to information posted either by the company or the employees on the knowledge portals of the company. When an employee returns after Attending any competencies or skills development program, sharing essential knowledge with others could be made mandatory.Innovative ideas (implemented at the work place) are good to be posted on these knowledge sharing platforms. However, what to store & how to maintain a Knowledge base requires deep thinking to avoid clutter. This HR Practice is performed at Google, Inc. and other enlarged companies. Strengths Responsibility of employees, Development in Teams. Weakness Only Innovative Groups are encouraged leading to inequality. Fair Evaluation System for Employees Develop an valuation system that clearly links individual performance to corporate business goals and priorities.Each employee should have well defined reporting relationships. Self rating as a part of evaluation process empowers employees. Evaluation becomes fairer if it is based on the records of periodic counseling & achievements of the employee, tracked over the year. For higher objectivity, besides the immediate boss, each employee should be screened by the next higher level (often called a Reviewer). Cross functional feedback, if obtained by the immediate boss from another manager (for whom this employees work is also important), will add to the fairness of the sys tem.A relative rating of all subordinates reporting to the same manager is another tool for fairness of evaluation. Normalization of evaluation is yet another dimension Page 4 Of improving fairness. This is practiced at many companies around the globe with Equal Opportunity Provider Including HSBC and American Embassy. Performance linked Bonuses Research with SBA, USA on Human Resources Practice Paying out bonuses or having any kind of variable compensation architectural plan can be both an incentive and disillusionment, based on how it is administered and communicated.Bonus must be designed in such a way that people understand that there is no payout unless the company hits a certain level of profitability. Additional criteria could be the teams success and the individuals performance. neer pay out bonus without measuring performance, unless it is a statutory obligation. Companies like Nokia and GM are implementing this practice. Strengths High Productivity and Determination amon g Human Resources. Weakness greet Effective to the Company.Metrics to assess Organization Human Capital Development Processes Research with Northern California Human Resources Association (NCHRA), Companies should evaluate the Human Capital Development by Estimating the ROI (Return on Investment) with the staff and other functionalities like revenue growth, market share and stock performance. Employee Retention and High Productive nature helps the companies to evaluate the Organizations Human Capital Development. Page 5 Companies should take Staffing as a Profit Center.Companies are spending more than ever on training programs to drive specific strategic initiatives and improve performance, yet they often fail to demonstrate the business value of their investments. Research with HR Metrics and Development Seminar, 2005 Each metric contains 2 to 5 performance indicators. For instance, employee attitudes metric includes the following indicators Job Contentment (the percentage of emp loyees satisfied with their job), and Manager Contentment (the percentage of employees satisfied with their manager).References Marcus Buckingham and Curt Coffman, foremost Break All the Rules ( impudently York Simon and Schuster, 1999). Accenture High Performance Workforce Study, 2002-2003. HR Capital Management and Development, Report, 2007. HR Metrics and Development Seminar, 2005. Human Resource Capital Institute, New York The Best HR Capital Development Practice, Geetha Sharma 2007. Northern California Human Resources Association (NCHRA), Website for HR Managers.

Escalating Costs of Social Health Insurance Essay

Unlike any otherwise country in the world, the get together States continually experience go equal of soundlynessc be homework. Wolfe (1999) reports that wellnessc ar costs has been increasing at a lofty rate for decades, it is estimated that ein truth 40 months, the shargon of Gross Domestic Product (gross domestic product) spent on wellness c be goes up by 1 pct. Health expenditure which stood at 12. 3 pct of GDP in 1990 increased to 16. 0 per centum progress of GDP in 2006 and is projected to reach 20 percent in the next 7 years.Between 2005 and 2006 al bingle, healthc atomic number 18 spending increased by 6. 7 percent, exceptional nominal GDP growth by 0. 6 percent, to a whooping $2. 1 trillion, representing an estimated $7,000 spending per person (Kuttner 2008 Catlin et al 2008). Various factors including inflation, aging nation and advances in health check technology has been indicted as been responsible for the global increase in health expenditures, however, the Ameri sewer situation appears to be peculiar.Kuttner (2008) contends that the proliferation of new technologies, poor diet, lack of exercise, the tendency for tack on (physicians, hospitals, tests, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and novel treatments) to generate demand and the culture of the American litigation, resulting in excessive malpractice litigations and the practice of defending medicine, all adds together to ensure that the country experiences the largest and fastest growth in health expenditures, turn at the same time, defeating efforts at cost containments.Like every other developed country, health indemnity systems, especially neighborly health redress systems constitute the primarily methods of health financing (Carrin and James, 2004). This arrangement ensures that nigh of the cost of healthcare are paid by third break-danceies, both by means of worldly concern establishments, as in mixer ( habitual) health indemnification systems, or by esoteric bodies, as in private health indemnity system, or in some cases, a mixture of both (Wolfe, 1999).The mixture of private and social health insurance is present in almost every country, with variations in their stewage. While in most European countries, social health insurance is deeply ingrained in societal fabric and provides the largest ancestor of backing and insurance coverage (Saltman, 2004), the vast majority of Americans receive their health insurance coverage by employer based private insurance, with the rest of the country cover by any of the several public health insurance schedules (Glover et al 2003).It is estimated that employer private health insurance covers approximately 63 percent of the race, with 51 percent of these amount covered by their own employers, while the remaining 41 percent are covered as a workers dependent 14 percent are covered by public programs, 5 percent covered by exclusive insurance policies while an estimated 17 percent of the population are uncovered by any insurance (Devi, 2005).Medicare is largely dissembleed as the primary field (social) health insurance program in the coupled States, providing coverage for an estimated 44 cardinal Americans over the age of 65. It is as well as estimated that Medicare provides health insurance coverage for ab pop 7 million Americans under the age of 65 who pay a disability or chronic condition (Fact Sheet, 2007).Social health insurance is a vital get out of any countrys health care and health financing program, in some part of Europe, there is a general contention that social health insurance is not just an insurance arrangement, but a way of life, they are seen as a part of a social incomes policy that seek to redistribute wealth and health gamble evenly amongst the population, however, the rising costs of these systems, not just in the United States but across the young world, threatens the system.Before an epitome of the costs and factors driving costs of social he alth insurance systems, especially in America and in other European countries, it is important to first briefly describe the underlying principles of the social health insurance system and its difference from the private health insurance programs.This will be followed by a commentary of the United States Medicare program and some social health insurance programs in selected European countries and then a look at the costs of these programs. Steps taken towards cutting costs of the social insurance programs and the differences in cost cutting approaches between the United States and European Union countries will be examined.Lastly, future approaches that could patron ameliorate the financial challenges facing the United States public insurance programs shall be recommended. Social Health restitution Social health insurance, in its basic principle, in any society achieves a set of societal objectives through its peculiar form of financial cross subsidies, which covers redistribution from the healthy to the ill, from the well off to the slight well off, from the young to the old and from the respective(prenominal) to the family.This redistributive focus of any social health insurance program distinguishes it from what is nominally regarded as insurance, thus, in several societies, it entrenches solidarity, income redistribution and is thus seen as a key part of a broader grammatical construction of social security and income support that sits at the heart of civil society (Saltman, 20045) Saltman and Dubois (2004) contend that although Germany is considered the source of the modern day form of social health insurance, when it codified existing voluntary structures into compulsory domain administer legislation in 1883, the history of social health insurance (SHI) dates back longer to the medieval guilds in the late Middle Ages.However, they agreed that the structure and organization of SHI over time has considerably evolved the number of volume covered has increased from a nonaged number of workers in particular trades to a larger mess of the population, the central concept SHI has evolved from wage replacement a death benefit into payment for and or provision of outpatient physician run, inpatient hospital care and drugs thirdly, the administrative structure of SHI has also evolved from cooperative workers association to state mandated legislative character, beginning with Germany in 1883 and the most recent, 1996 in Switzerland.Structurally, social health insurance everywhere possesses trine public characteristics. Social health insurance programs are administered privately in both funding and in the provision of health services as a result of their private administration, social health programs are self regulating, and lastly, as a consequence of their independence and self regulation, social health insurance programs are relatively stable, both in organizational and financial terms (Saltman, 2004).As a fall out of these stru ctural characteristics, social health insurance posses several core components that differentiate them from private health insurance programs. Under SHI, the raising of funds is tied to income of beneficiaries, usually in the form of a transparent and fixed percentage of wages. As a result, contributions are risk independent and thus encourage maximal risk pooling. Also, collection and administration of revenues for the program are handled by not-for-profit and sometimes, state run funds and these funds are usually managed by board members that are usually representative and elected. The United States Medicare program posses most or all of the characteristics of a social health insurance program.For over 40 years, the program has success in full moon provided healthcare access for the elderly and millions of people with disability. It is regarded as the nations whizz largest health insurance program and it covers a wide range of the society for a broad range of health services. F or example, Potetz (2008) report that one out of ever five dollars spent on healthcare in 2006 came through the Medicare program. The program is also describe to fund, at least, one third of all hospital stays, nationally. In most European countries too, national, public (social) health insurance programs reportedly covers a large proportion of the population, in most cases, reaching up to 100 percent coverage.Saltman and others (2004) reports that in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Switzerland and from 1995, Israel, all have health insurance systems where (public) social health programs plays preponderant roles in organization and funding of health care services, where between 60 to 100 percent of the population are mandatorily covered. They further argue that even countries like Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, Greece and Portugal that have a measure funded National Health Service schemes, segments of SHI based healthcare funding also exists. Explaining the difference between social health insurance programs and private health insurance, Thomson and Mossialos (2004) contend that private health insurance play very insignificant role in the health systems of several European countries, either in terms of funding or access to healthcare.Unlike in the United States where more than 60 percent of the population are covered by private employer based insurance, private health insurance programs covers a relatively small proportion of the population and accounts for less than 5 percent of the total health spending, with the exception of France, Germany and the Netherlands. The most common difference between social and private health insurance includes eligibility, risk pooling and benefits. For social health insurance programs, contributions are mostly based on a fixed or varying proportion of wages, without regard for risks, thus a wider proportion of the people are eligible and benefits i. e. health services offered are broader with less out of bulge costs (Thomson and Mossialos, 2004 Saltman 2004). For private health insurance, the reverse is the case in most situations. specially in for-profit private health insurance systems, contributions are adjusted according to risks and for the most part high risks individuals are rejected or expected to pay higher premiums. Consequently, eligibility requirements are strict out of pocket expenses might be higher, while services provided vary significantly across programs, depending on an array of factors. Depending on the generally functions and services offered by private health insurance, the relation to social health insurance can be substitutive, complementary or supplementary. Substitutive private health insurance programs provides insurance covers that is otherwise available from the public programs purchased by individuals or groups who are excluded from the SHI.The larger proportion of the US society is excluded from the public insurance programs, which are usually available to the elderly, the disabled or the very poor, the rest of the population must(prenominal) rely on private employer based insurance. However, in European countries with effective SHI, only plastered individuals with income above a certain upper threshold are excluded from the public insurance program e. g. in Netherlands and Germany, while the rest of the population are eligible. Complementary private health insurance programs provide cover for services not fully covered by the SHI programs or totally excluded, the Medicare + Choice plans is an example of such covers. Lastly, supplementary private health insurance provides cover for faster access and also increased consumer choices for individuals who can afford it (Thomson and Mossialos, 2004).Eligibility and CoverageThe United States Medicare program is essentially for the elderly, thus, individuals are eligible for Medicare coverage if they are citizens of the United States or have been a permanent legal resident for five continues years and over 65 years old. Individuals younger than 65 years of age can also be eligible for Medicare coverage if they are disabled and have been on the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or the Railroad Retirement Board benefits for a period of two years. Further, individuals with end state renal disease (ESRD) or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) know as Lou Gehrigs disease also qualifies for Medicare coverage. However, many people with disability do not designate for SSDI benefits and by extension, Medicare.To qualify for these benefits, disabled individuals must have a family member under age 65 who have a work history which included Federal Income Contribution Act tax (FICA), an individual may also qualifies for SSDI on the FICA contributions of a parent as a Childhood Disability benefactive role (CDB) or as a disabled spouse of a deceased spouse. Whichever qualification route applicable, an individual qualifies for Medicare two years later on he/she starts receiving the SSDI benefits, except for the Lou Gehrigs disease where Medicare benefits starts in the first month SSDI payments are received or in the case of the ESRD where Medicare benefits starts within three months of the first dialysis (Fact Sheet, 2007). As of 2007, it is estimated that Medicare provides cover and health services to about 43 million Americans.This figure is expected to double to 77 million by 2031 when the baby boomers of the post World War II period start to retire. However, as mentioned previously, SHI in European countries offer universal coverage that is mandatory in some countries. Coverage for these countries varies from 63 percent in Netherlands to 100 percent coverage in France, Israel and Switzerland. In most of these countries, it is usually the highest income groups that are either allowed or unavoidable by law to leave the social health programs for private health insurance (Saltman, 20047). Benefits Benefits for Medi care members have continually been modified. The authoritative program has two parts, Medicare weaken A and part B.The Part A program known as Hospital Insurance, covers hospital stays with stays in skilled treat facilities for limited periods if certain qualifying criteria are met. Such criteria include the length of hospital stay, which most be three days, at least, excluding the discharge day and stay in skilled treat facility must be for conditions diagnosed during the hospitalization. Medicare Part A allows up to a maximum of 100day stay in skilled nursing facilities, with the first 20 days completely paid for by Medicare and the remaining 80days paid in part and requiring a co-payment from the benefactive role. The Medicare Part B covers services and products not covered by Part A, but on an outpatient basis.The benefits under this coverage includes physician and nursing services, laboratory diagnostic tests, influenza and pneumonia vaccinations x-rays and blood transfusi ons. Other services include renal dialysis, outpatient hospital procedures, Immunosuppressive drugs for organ transplant recipients, chemotherapy, limited ambulance transportation and other outpatient medical treatments carried out in a physicians office. This coverage, to some extent, also includes medical equipments like walkers, wheelchairs and mobility scooters for individuals with mobility problems, while prosthetic devices, such as breast prosthesis after mastectomy or eye glasses after cataract surgery are also covered. The recently added Part C and D of the Medicare benefits slightly deviate from the original Medicare concept.After the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 came into effect, Medicare beneficiaries were allowed the option of receiving their Medicare benefits through private health insurance plans if they do not want to go through the original Medicare plans. These became known as Medicare + Choice as beneficiaries could take in any private health insurance plans and ha ve it paid for by Medicare. The Medicare + Choice or Part C arrangement later became known as the Medicare Advantage curriculum after the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and modernisation Act of 2003 came into effect. The Part D plan, on the other hand, covers mainly prescription drugs and anyone in the original Plan A or B is eligible for this plan.However, in other to receive the benefits of the Plan D, a beneficiary must enroll and be approved for a Stand-alone Prescription Drug Plan (PDP) or Medicare Advantage plan with prescription drug coverage (MA-PD). However, because Plan D is effectively operated by private health insurance companies, there are no standardized benefits, like the plan A and B the private insurance companies could choose to cover some drugs or classes of drugs and not cover others, with the exception of drugs excluded from Medicare coverage. Beneficiaries are therefore restricted to the drugs coverage of the plans they choose (Merlis, 2008 Potetz, 2008). Contributions towards Social Health Insurance Medicare financing, like social health insurance everywhere, is financed through a complex mix of taxes, contributions, co-payments and the likes.The most important source of financing for the Medicare expenditures is through the paysheet tax imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act and the Self-Employment Contributions Act of 1954, while other sources of financing includes general revenue through income taxes, a tax on Social Security benefits, and payments from states required for the Medicare drug benefits which started in 2006. In addition to these, beneficiaries also contribute directly to Medicare financing through premiums, deductibles and co-insurance. It is reported that income cases, physician do charge beneficiaries an additional out-of -pocket balance billing to cover for services rendered (Potetz, 2008). The federal payroll taxes are paid by the working population or by the beneficiaries throughout their wo rk history.The tax equals 2. 9 percent of gross wages, with half(prenominal) (1. 45 percent) deducted from the workers salary and the other half paid by the employer. Initially, there was a ceiling on the maximum amount any single person can contribute however, beginning from 1994, the maximum limit was removed. Self employed people who do not have an employer to cover the other half of their taxes are mandated by law to pay the full 2. 9 percent of their estimated earnings. However, the contributions from the beneficiaries vary considerably depending on the plan and also range from premiums, deductibles, co-payments or in some cases, the balance billing mentioned previously.

Changes in Economic Structures

Changes in economic Structures Introduction Show noesis of radical, secondary, 3rd Changes in primal Develop at least two points about why the primary heavens has decreased in developed countries formulate advantages and disadvantages Change in secondary Develop at least two points about why the secondary has decreased in developed countries Explain profit/disadvantages Changes in Tertiary Develop two points about why the ordinal firmament has increased Explain advantages/disadvantages (whats good and bad about it) ConclusionWhats going to happen in the long border? What do you think the impacts of this have been overall? Changes in economic Structures Within the business perseverance there argon 3 main sectors in which firms operate to, which is the primary secondary and 3rd sectors. Each of these sectors forms a chain of production which provides consumers with products and services. In the primary sector firms are involved in eliciting raw materials from basiss nat ural resources.This includes fishes being fished out of the ocean, rubbers being tapped from trees, and oil being drilled from the ground and so on Whilst as the secondary sector manufactures and assembles the raw materials collected from the primary sector to make a set down product. Examples are refining crude oil to turn into useful products such as gasoline, cooking raw food to serve in restaurants and turning copped wood into accurate products such as chairs and tables and so forthFinally in the ordinal sector firms focus on selling the refined and manufactured products/services to customers, for example selling finished chairs in a furniture shop, refilling gas tanks in a petrol station, selling diamonds to curtly to be engaged couples etc. Over the past centuries we have seen many channels in the business persistence including the decline of employment rate in the primary and secondary sector, and the employment boom in the tertiary sector.In the 1700s 75% of the worl ds population was working in the primary sector, 15% in the secondary sector and 10% in the tertiary sector, whereas now only 2% are use in the primary sector, 28% in the secondary sector and 70% in the tertiary sector. oneness of the main reasons why there has been a decline in the primary and secondary is sector is the change in technology. As the newer technology provided businesses with more efficient ways of extracting and manufacturing products (using machinery) it also reduced the amount of workload needed by humans in the chosen job.This meant a lot of workers had to become redundant and and so taking jobs in the tertiary sector. Additionally because of the over-extraction of natural resources there are very scares resources left to extract out of the earth as a result businesses have to cope for the resources that remain meaning businesses that cannot compete to acquire these resources have to make their employees redundant hence the decline in employment rate in the pr imary sector.Finally because of the increasing safety standards and more heap caring about their health there has been a decrease in primary and secondary sectors. On the other hand, whilst the primary and secondary sectors are decreasing, the tertiary sector has increased dramatically. This is because of the increase in educational standards and the amount of pay in the tertiary sector. As decades past more and more people are receiving better education around the world, thus people with higher education require higher paying jobs.This is where the level of employment in the tertiary sector skyrocketed because the tertiary sector could provide these people with a higher pay and a job that they wish to pursue. Furthermore as a result of increase in tourism many tertiary sector businesses have opened up to fulfill the demand tourists. In conclusion the sectors in the business industry will always keep on changing because of the factors shown. We are in a generation where the tertia ry sector is very popular and this has influenced the way each country works.For example in Thailand there are many tertiary businesses in the capital city such as offices, super-markets and malls which are mainly exceedingly successful. And schools nowadays guide students to work in the tertiary sectors instead of primary of secondary. However there are still large populations of people working in the primary sector as rice farmers etc. Nevertheless I believe in the future the tertiary sector will decrease and the primary and secondary sectors will rise again because once the tertiary sector meets its peak, it will drop stern down.

Fast Food in HK

McDonalds VS KFC Fast solid food culture In the worldwide Fast food, as you basin understand Is the term referring to food that Is watchful and can be delivered In a prompt time. It Is traditionally American style repast that unendingly included French fries, burgers and soft drinks. Restaurants store pre specifyed ingredients, once the customer gives an order, take-away can be ready In a while. To be called as Fast food, these foods must meet a few standards good time management, quality stability and fixed price. It is a very popular meal style in some well-developed cities, since the people have a totally busy life.The first put down fast food restaurant AW is founded in 1919 at the united States of America, and the second oneness is the famous company White Castle in 1921. In this century, fast food restaurants develop and well-nigh of them become scopes suppliers. US people spent billions on buying fast food all year. The fast food globalization had now become a huge so cial issue. Nowadays thither argon over 500,000 fast food restaurants and thousands brands in the whole world. And today we be going to center on the two head quarters in Hong Kong- McDonalds and KFC. Introduction of McDonalds McDonalds Is definitely the biggest fast food range of a function In the world.It founded In 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald. Nowadays, over 33,000 McDonalds restaurants were established in the worldwide. The products of McDonalds are In various types, in the first place hamburgers, French fries, bellyachers and soft drinks. Sometimes, they will provide seasonal meal to attract customers such(prenominal)(prenominal) as wag Shake French fries. Following differences of choices, McDonalds would also offer vegetarian food too. In order to fit the culture, they whitethorn change the meal a little bit for example not providing beef in India. You can always find one on the street, because there are in total 200 stores in Hong Kong.McDonalds became popular all the time due to busy life schedule of Hong Kong people. Introduction of KFC On the otherwise hand, the Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is the largest fried chicken shop in the world, and the second largest fast food chain after the McDonalds. Harland Sanders founded KFC in 1930 at Kentucky in the United States of America. KFC practically sells fried chicken pieces, coleslaw and drinks. The popularity of KFCs chicken comes trom its original secret recipe which mixed with 11 herbs and spices. Not Ilke the McDonalds, KFC has a smaller scale with wholly 63 stores In Hong Kong.However, the numbers didnt affect the KFCs second largest place of fast food chain In Hong Kong. Advantages and disadvantages of Fast Food always in busy life schedule. Facing the hard workload, they may provided have half an hour to have a meal and rush beck to their work. Thus, these quick service restaurants champion to solve to lack of time problem. Meals can be prepared within ten minutes. No librate how delicious other food are, Hong Kong people have not enough time to buy ingredients, cook or enjoy. Second is the stability of food within one chain of fast food restaurant.Tastes are ainly the same in any store. You will never taste bad with the same meal. And the prices are sure and affordable too. One fast food meal is always cheaper than you cook alone at home. However, fast food as called as Junk food, affecting peoples health. Restaurant usually uses a lot of additives such as salt, flavorings and preservatives. The large amount of calories and additives are harmful to human body. Since the fast food is all pre-cooked, the nutrients of the ingredients are lost. Therefore, some people may say that fast food is only for surviving.Eating fast food in a long term may cause arious diseases such as diabetes and heart attack. Comparison of McDonalds and KFC In Hong Kong, McDonalds is obviously in a larger scale than KFC. Except the differences on the food kinds, the way they proces s the company are a bit different too. Apart from fast food restaurant, McDonalds have McCafs to provide desserts and coffee like Starbucks. Besides, McDonalds have works in different area of society such as charity, children health affair. But the KFC is Just only a restaurant in Hong Kong. Therefore, people would called McDonalds as a better company than KFC in Hong Kong.

Our Story : Shaketeaholic Is a Philippine Homegrown Concept

It all started socio-economic class 2013 when the owner wished to introduce a milk afternoon tea drink in Umbilical urban center , along with Filipino style ambiance. The name is derived from the drink to represent us that we specialize in producing milk tea shake revered with the best bubbles (pearls) and toppings.Many people especially students and workers would look forward for buying a transfuse of refreshing drink after a long hard day of studying, working and playing kind of than buying a food that will lessen their hunger. Now STAKEHOLDERS are giving Umbilical City consumers something new to chew after swallowing something gummy and sweet called pearl or sago. Stakeholders found a amazingly large following when they discovered that milk tea has a huge market potential and it is a trendy product.And to give our product a waist, we gave our customers a variety of choices when it comes in choosing their toppings, and aside from buying the usual milk tea, we will make the s imple Milk tea into a Refreshing and Flavor milk tea SHAKE. Stakeholders offers variety of flavors like melon, chocolate, strawberry, vanilla, be. At Stakeholders we only used fresh quality ingredients that have no preservatives added, as we associate ourselves with world class brands from Taiwan, so its really healthy because many people instantaneously are getting into health benefits if milk, tea and pearl which some studies show that it may help competitiveness cancer.

Democracy vs Dictatorship

I recognise democracy as a more efficient type of governing over authoritarianism for these three simple reasons right her equal rights for all people, political freedom, and freedom of choice. I know you as a reader notice how every reason has the word freedom in it. This is because with a despotism there is no freedom, which show the ovbious reason why democracy is suprior.Democracy is a system of government in which political authority is held by the people. Democracies typically feature constitutional governments with majority rules. This is to keep they counterinsurgency among the people they equally voted for whoever or whatever.Freedom of behavior in a dictatorship doesnt exist. With a dictator if you disargee with him/she you know that your better off not saying anything, because with a militarylistic type of ruler virtually likely your either imprsi id or killed. Freedom of expression is important mainly because if you only have one view of something how could it not be one sided, without oppions youll never come up with a plan that suits everybody that push aside be effected.Political freedom is way be on important. Not being able to choose who runs the place where you blend in is like paying rent for someone esles apartment. You have no say in what goes on wither it be about war, taxes, and even sometimes rules. stooge you even picture bread and butter without your freedom of choice? This means you dont get to choice where you live, jobs, what you take to be, and etc. Shoot if your dictator doesnt want you to speak english anymore and you dont know any other language then you just dont talk. Can you imagine living like that?So I conclude that freedom of choice, political freedom, and freedom of expression are some major reasons for the supriority of an democracy over an dictatorship. If you dont believe that its better then go to Cuba and live with Castro and see how you like it. Then write me and tell me how you feel about, because your u nder his rule now if he doesnt want you to leave then you can even come back and tell how you feel.

Communities & Ecosystems Food Web Poster Assignment

Communities & Ecosystems Food Web Poster - Assignment ExampleWhile saprotrophs helps in race up decomposition of matter, they act like detritivores but decomposition of matter by saprotrophs happens externally as opposed to detritivores that consume dead organism (Begon et al 326).Food web describes a collection of fodder chains. Food web shows different organism depending on more than unrivaled organism. This because some organisms such as automobile horn as shown above on nutriment web do not rely on one source of food like grasshoppers that only eats grass. Tropical levels are different levels in the food chain where organisms are categorized into either producers or consumers. This level depicts the transfer of muscle from one level to another(prenominal) level. There are different levels in a food chain. For example, in a food chain above, first level comprises of producers, second level are herbivorous that feeds on plants. The succeeding(a) level is carnivorous which de pends on herbivorous. Highest level is carnivorous that eats other small carnivorous owl is an example (Rastogi and Kishore 72).The first energy comes from the sun where it is utilize by plants to make food hence generating energy. The alimental made from a plant through photosynthesis keeps plants alive. Energy is transferred to herbivorous as the first consumers of plants. The transfer of energy goes on up to the last of tertiary consumers. All energy from the sun is not used by the plant. When herbivorous consume plant to fix energy not all the plant nutrients are used to create energy, some are lost through passing out of feces. Herbivorous uses the energy gained from food consumption, but some energy is lost through respiration and heat loss (Rastogi and Kishore 75).The shape of benefit varies as it rises to the top based on the fact that energy is lost from one level to another as stated above. From the food web above, not all grass is eaten by grasshopper to gain all ener gy transferred from the sun through photosynthesis. Energy

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework - Assignment ExampleThe article is an epitome of how theory-based framework supports conceptual framework when conducting a qualitative research. The author uses conceptual framework to seek and salute the correlation between variables in his study. This is particularly evident in his ethnographic approach in conducting the qualitative analysis. The authors choice for conceptual framework for the study was particularly appropriate because it provides the means to explore specific relationship between study variables. The conceptual framework enables the author of the article to develop a crucial concept that allows him to incorporate essentials fields in his study. Employee involvement is one of the major success or failure determinants in any organic law, public or private (Berman et al., 2009).The success of public offices revolves around the dominance of employees and how well this power is oriented towards attaining the goals and objective s of the organization. Employee involvement refers to the process of authorizing employees to participate actively in the decision-making process of the organization and improving organizational processes within their scope (Bolden, Gosling, Marturano & Dennison, 2003). Employee involvement greatly influence hiring and promotion process in Public Agencies by ensuring that the agencies only employ people who are fit to hold va toilett position. Employees can be used as referrals during recruitment

Develope a project schedule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Develope a puke schedule - Essay modellingThese shall as well as not involve any physical construction of discover parts. Rather, there shall be a lot of boardroom work to ensure that the outcome of the feasibility studies is extensively digested. For instance the total appeal of the project that emerges from the feasibility study shall be discussed on ways of meeting up those costs. The think activities shall also include the setting up of an overseer committing and the drawing of a general plan s. following the planning stage shall be the actual execution of the project. This stage is thus named the execution stage and shall involve some(prenominal) ground work rather than boardroom work. There shall for instance be a system radiation diagram project where the master plan system to be used in the construction of the project get shall be designed. More to this, all engineers shall be on site to put parts and pieces of the project together to ensure that actual manufacturin g goes on.The last but one stage is the control stage. This stage shall have ii phases. The two phases involve on-the-ground paygrade and off-the-ground evaluation. On-the-ground evaluation involves a rapid and continuous evaluation and monitoring exert that shall be carried out on the project execution stage. This means that from time to time, there shall be officers who shall be monitoring and giving reports on the progress of the work. The off-the-grounds phase shall also be a generalized evaluation activity for the project after everything has ended. After this stage, the project shall successfully be closed. Looking at the motley stages and the activities involved, the following duration for execution has been designed. The motive for allocation of time is from the perspective that the overall aim of the project is to save a lot of time in the construction of a unit machine. The whole project should therefore be executed in a total of eight (8) weeks.From the schedule table , it

Culture Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Culture switch over - Essay ExampleOnce it becomes the learning fundamental law, later assorted changes can be covered by the administration and academic children easily.Empowerment is chosen for the faculty member as they can easily bring in different issues with students and within the students. Moreover, they can decide accordingly that how they have to teach their students, what methodology they think would be better for academic careers of these students. For students in the business school, the school ahs decided to adopt socialization as to a greater extent the students interact, the more they will learn from each other.The change in the culture or management of whatever organization not only includes cost rather it include consumption of time and other non-monetary cost. originally changing the culture and management in an organization we need to understand that how the culture within the organization is formed. The culture of the organization is formed when different people interact with each others and when their beliefs and values become duplicate with each other. Within an organization the faculty members and managers belongs to different cultures and backgrounds, but when they start working to achieve a single goal than their beliefs, values and mission become same and thus the start of a pertly culture within the organization start. ... The technological advancement and changes in the management strategies forces the top management to adopt a learning organization that keeps on changing with time. Learning organization requires decentralization, empowerment and cultural change. Providing a continuous change in the culture through learning process requires dickens main stairs and these are1. Single loop learning2. This learning process involves identification of any puzzle and declaration the problem in accordance with past policies and practices. 3. Double-loop learning4. This learning process requires identification of different probl ems and declaration them by adopting new changes in policies practices and standards. Process to develop a learning organizationDifferent economists shows different process of theories evolved form the action research. But the action research process actually involves simply louver steps in theory development and these are given as followsDiagnosis is the very low step in which the business school has to diagnose that where actually the problem is. They have to diagnose the problem within their departments. The change agent tests the problem through different techniques either by interviewing the faculty members or seeking their reviews. The analysis is followed by the diagnosis process. In analysis section the business school has to break down the root cause of the problem. The analysis process involves the involvement of faculty members that actually helps the change agent to seek the problem or changes in the departments. The feedback process includes information taken from the faculty members about above two processes. The feed back actually informs the

Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Science - Essay Exampleeaning and inference that the tecs vagabond upon can be slowly verified, computed, and weighed as a function of how greatly they relate back to the concepts that the author(s) is attempting to get across to the reader. In this way, this detail student has chosen the following paper to analyze as a function of how well the scientific and mathematical information related within it help to reinforce or weaken the arguments that the authors make Neurotoxicity of genus Penicillium crustosum secondary metabolites Tremorgenic activity of orally administered penitrem A and thomitrem A and E in mice.For purposes of depth psychology, one can pronto infer that the authors of this particular article have performed due diligence with reference to the use of mathematics and scientific research as a means to prove their point. Firstly, the introduction relates to the reader/researcher that the authors are super familiar with the area of focus and the preceding literature and studies which have been performed. In this way, the authors are able to draw a firm line of understanding and scientific advancement based upon the research that has preceded this particular study. Although this is a nice touch to note, it should be further noted that the authors rely heavily on the results of three precise studies to set the background for their analysis. As such, the rigor of the study is called into question somewhat. I found that this lack of cellular inclusion of other studies and resources significantly weakened the baseline from which the reader enters the research from. Furthermore, had a more rigid analysis of prior and existing scholarship been performed, the starting point for the reader would be advanced and a requirement to accept some of the results printed within the study would have been reduced thereby allowing the reader or researcher to focus on the most important points of the research that has been presented.To the authors credit, the stu dy does pay measured attention

Servant Leader Formation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

retainer Leader Formation Paper - Essay ExampleThe spirit of leadership rises from the leader letting others get hold of and improve their capabilities and refinements. Servant leadership starts as a feeling before it develops into a leadership place (Blanchard, 2001, Pg 352). A handmaid leader seeks to serve rather than control. Needless to say that their primary goals are much inclined towards human life enhancement. The focus on the less privileged in the society moves the case of a handmaid leader form an organization but to the society as a whole. reliable imperative characteristics that define and distinguish a servant leader are as stated below. These take up to be necessarily communicated to the current and the future servant leaders of the organization to mould future servant leaders. Inculcating and allowing each of the stem members to learn the attributes listed below goes a long way in becoming a servant leader.Empathy - The first quality for any strong leader i s to stay empathetic. By empathy we mean the expertness of a leader to put him, in the shoes of others, to act, react and understand the emotions and actions of his peers or his subordinates. A servant leader works to understand and empathize with others. The powerfulness of a leader to accept people as they are and not reject them as people, though their performance or actions may not be fully accepted is an important attribute to make them a servant leader.Listening - Communication has incessantly been an important attribute for a leader. This is even so true for a servant leader. The ability of a servant leader to inculcate patience and listen to issues and problems of peer and others within the organization plays a zippy role in defining his or her success. Servant leaders naturally identify and try to thaw the problems of the group. Their ability to listen to what is being said and not said allows them to stay in touch with the upcountry self of their peer and assist them in guiding and reacting to their groups problems.Foresight - Foresight is an important characteristic of a servant leader. Servant leaders not only learn from lessons of their past but also from others. Their ability to foresee and link the future to the present allows them to take decisions that have a positive impact on the group and the organization. Their ability to foresee is a consequence of both experience and intuitive mind set. shipment to group - One of the remarkable characteristics of servant leaders is their ability to look through people beyond their contribution at work or in social life. Being strongly committed to the try of the group and helping the group work towards achieving it allows the servant leader to reach the personal, professional life of their group. This freight to a large extent defines an individualist as a servant leader. Compromise between individual comfort and group comfort - A servant leader serves the group. In many situations, the chances a re that the thoughts of the group may be entirely different from that of the servant leader. Having said so, the servant leader needs to necessarily develop the attitude to compromise on his or her personal comfort or the ultimate goal or benefit of the group.Making dream to reality - An analysis of the servant le

Journey to the West Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journey to the West - Essay useIn most European countries, it is referred to as Monkey because it focuses on the Tang Monk as vigorous as his monkey disciple Sun Wukong.The first edition was written in Chinese by Wu Chengen in the sixteenth century, however, since then there have been numerous other publications in English translation. I used the fourth volume of the revised edition translated by Anthony C. Yu. This version lays its focus on the trip itself, the journey towards getting the Holy Scriptures and bringing them back to Tang dynasty, which is in China. In its twenty-five chapters, it gives the mislead adventures, encounters and challenges that the monk, Tang Tripitaka, and his three disciples Great Sage Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie Wuneng and Sha Wujing faced during the pilgrimage. His disciples were meant to serve and protect their master from each harm and ensure the success of the pilgrimage.The book begins with chapter seventy-six of the original book giving a drool wh ereby some demons have captured the Great Sage Sun-the monkey disciple of Tang Monk. One of the demons has swallowed him, and he is make it distress from the insides of its stomach (Yu 2). Sun Wukong, in a smart and tricky way and with the help of his thaumaturgy manages to salvage himself from the situation and coerce the demons to agree to transport him, his brothers and their master Tang across the mountains (Yu 4). We then look at a battle of muscle and wits between the demons and the Monks on pilgrimage as the demons try to ware the Tang Monk. They do so because they believe his meat will grant them immortality and free them from their sins (Yu 17). In the avocation chapter, the demons trick and seize all the four and prepare to eat the monk. However, Sun Wukong uses his wits, magic and to save himself, his brothers and his master from these demons (Yu 28).As the book continues, the monk runs into numerous demons and evil creatures, a land

Green transportation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Green transportation - Research Paper ExampleAny substance of transport that has low impacts on the environment including non-motorized transport are regarded as green transport. The verve produced from the sources of zippo that are environmentally friendlier relative to the fossil fuel is defined as green energy. All renewable sources of energy are therefore included in green energy and according to the definition nuclear energy can also be included under green energy.Research is in rise around the world to explore new paths that will bring out solutions to the environmental hazards that human beings commit to face in the present world. All scientists are of the opinion that increased use of renewable sources of energy can be one potent solution to this problem. Sustainable development and renewable energy uses pct an intimate connection. The research acts as the evidence on the importance of keeping the environment pollution clean-handed and how using green transportation ca n emerge as the contributing factor. The results from the research will mindful people more on using environment friendly modes of transportation that are fuel efficient and cheap. Apart from the environment point of view the project has an economic viewpoint as well. The less developed countries which lack oil reserves, a significant part of the budget have to be kept to steal oil. Foreign currency moves out of the country and those countries fail to break the vicious circle of inequality.An average cable car in United States achieves a fuel economy of 11.6Km/kg. The economy is equivalent to the rate of energy consumption. The depict is 2.5MJ/km for OECD countries. The extraction, transportation as well as refining of automotive fuel necessitate to the highest degree 20 percent of crude oil energy (Ulrich, 2006, 8). The usage of energy causes pollution to the environment. Now t is assumed that an individual owns a bicycle and uses it while travelling. Such activities cause z ero

Analysis of an Article in a Microeconomics Viewpoint Essay

depth psychology of an Article in a Microeconomics Viewpoint - Essay ExampleIn the end of business organizations however, the enlarge will mean additional costs by business organizations. If this happens, this will be detrimental to the corporation and they will tend to compensate by cutting number of workers in order to maintain their captain costs.Another issue is the economic viewpoint which is used in legislation. In the real world situation, changes in the economic policies should always be approved by government officials. As politicians have different viewpoints, it is much hard to pass bills and laws which will bring about drastic changes.The issue on nominal hire is always debated in all economies globally and not just in the United States. As the author puts in the article, there are two sides of the coin which should be taken into consideration before the minimum wage could be raised. Through our class discussions, I have learned that minimum wage should be a matter of supply and demand. It is the least acceptable payment that an employee washstand accept while it is the highest which can be charged for a firm. For an employee, minimum wage should be able to cover up for the estimated productivity of the worker as well as the opportunity cost of his time. On the other hand, a telephoner should make sure that the employees output is worth his hourly payment.

Management research assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management research assignment - Essay ExampleThe master(prenominal) objective of this paper according to the writers is to analyze various dimensions of educational validity of blood line gaming modeling that would be possible through the proposed research methodological analysis framework. Thus the beginning part of the paper, specifically the nonobjective and introduction clearly indicates the background of the study they conducted. Research methodology is described, which as mentioned above is unique for its approach. concord to Stainton, Johnson & Borodzicz (2010 p. 705), as a research method, they have relied on the total enterprise simulation. They further remove clear that unlike the past, an effective research methodology is essential to analyze the condescension gaming simulation because the assessment of validity is an ongoing process and therefore, it has to be viewed from an educational perspective. Researchers make a detailed limited review of avail satisfactor y literature to form rather an authentic conclusion. According to them, design, implementation, and validity are the two approximately significant aspects associated with this research framework. Furthermore, the facilitator plays a crucial business office in assisting learners to determine what to view, reflect, and learn. As far as the design is concerned, the factors associated with it involve, designers ability and perception, the significance of maintaining the sensible aspects of simulation etc. For instance, exaggeration or generalization of the difficulties of the real facts may occur if the designers perceptions flaw. Hence, according to the researchers, design plays a very important role in determining the quality of business gaming simulation. They further attribute the success of the implementation microscope stage to the learning by doing strategy which is based on the real life examples and problem solving. According to the writers, by following this method, with th e help of a facilitator who would give training and motivation students will learn how to assimilate experiences with the given over problem and their acquired knowledge. Thus, the writers come up with a more reasonable strategy for the effective implementation of a simulation. In order for answering the absence of an appropriate strategy for validating simulation, the researchers propose their own methodology that spreads across every phase of its process including design, implementation, and validation. According to them, education validity should involve the internal educational validity, external educational validity, and external representational validity (Stainton, Johnson, and Borodzicz, 2010, p. 710). In order to understand these variables one should go through their concept of each form of validity. As they describe, internal education validity refers to participants understanding of their business outcome whereas, external educational validity indicates participants abili ty to assimilate the real life experience with the simulation. And thirdly, representational validity is evident if the simulation alters the participants attitude. In other words, these theoretical explanations refer to three things 1) convince the participants of their business environment and roles (internal educational validity), 2) makes them understand how to relate the real life environment and simulation (external educational validity), and 3) makes participants able cope up with the real environment (representational v